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VMS 2007 > Eye Pathology II > Flashcards

Eye Pathology II Flashcards

1
Q

What does a red corneal opacity mean?

A

Blood Vessels

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2
Q

What does a blue corneal opacity mean?

A

Oedema

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3
Q

What does a Crystalline White Corneal Opacity Mean?

A

lipids

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4
Q

What does a black corneal opacity mean?

A

Pigment

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5
Q

What is a ‘melting ulcer’ ?

A

rapid degredation and liquefaction of corneal tissue
either from
* bacterial/ fungal infection
* Inflammatory cells from tear film

Also Called Keratomalacia

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6
Q

What is Descemetocele?

A

Liquefaction of the corneum leads to the underlying Descemets membrane being pushed forward

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7
Q

What are the four clinical signs of Corneal Ulceration?

A
  1. Pain- either inflammatory mediators or Blepharospasm
  2. Conjunctival Hyperaemia- recruitment of leukocytes
  3. Corneal oedema- loss of epithelium (ingress of water)
  4. Corneal neovascularisation

blepharospasm= increased blinking rate

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8
Q

What are two examples of internal ocular disease

corneal oedema

A
  • Glaucoma
  • Uveitis
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9
Q

What is Blepharospasm?

A

Involuntary tight closing of the eyelids

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10
Q

What is lipid keratopathy?

A

Crystalline dense white deposit in the middle of the cornea

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11
Q

What are corneal dystrophies subclassified as?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Stromal
  3. Endothelial
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12
Q

In what dog species is central corneal lipidosis most common in?

A

Cavaliers, Boxers, Huskies

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13
Q

What is Central Corneal lipidosis?

A

Excessive accumulation of lipids in corneal fibroblasts

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14
Q

What are corneal deposits usually secondary to?

A

Metabolic Disease

hyperadrenocorticism, DM, hypothyroidism

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15
Q

What is Feline Corneal Sequestrum usually recognised as?

A

discrete orange-brown discolouration of the central cornea, affecting one or both eyes

black pigment is absorbed from the feline tear-film

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16
Q

In what two dog breeds is SCEED common in?

A

Boxers and Pembroke Corgis

17
Q

In what dog breed is Pannus Keratitis Most Common in?

e.g chronic superficial keratitis

A

GSD

18
Q

What does a pannus keratitis lesion mainly look like?

A
  • Superficial Corneal vascularisation
  • infiltration of granulation tissue, lymphocytes and plasma cells
  • Pigmentation
19
Q

What does Feline eosinophillic keratitis look like?

A
  • Can be either Unilateral or Bilateral
  • Eosinophils are in dense white plaques
  • Neovascularisation
20
Q

What is Glaucoma?

A

Forcing fluid into the cornea

21
Q

What is Uveitis?

A

Inflammation of the endothelial cells

22
Q

What is Ulceration?

A

When there is loss of the waterproof barrier

23
Q

What happens if the endothelial pump in the corneal endothelium fails?

A
  • No pumping fluid from the cornea into the anterior chamber to maintain the partially dehydrated state of the cornea
  • Increased intraocular pressure
  • Cell death/ inflammation
24
Q

What four things may cause corneal oedema?

A
  • Endothelial cell loss
  • Internal ocular disease (glaucoma, uveitis)
  • Ulceration- loss of waterproof barrier
  • Limbal disease
25
Q

What is the affect of stromal liquefaction that reaches descemets membrane?

A

results in forward bulging

stroma may be lost completely

26
Q

What are the common causes of corneal ulcers?

A
  • Developmental (irritation/ poor corneal health)
  • Inflammation and infection (immune-mediated KCS)
  • Dry eye
  • Traumatic
27
Q

What are the diagostic processes for corneal ulcers?

A
  • Magnification/ illumination
  • Fluorescein staining for a corneal ulcer
  • Schirmer tear test to rule out KCS
28
Q

What is the definition of a corneal dystrophy?

A

Defects in the structure and function of one or more corneal components not triggered by injury or systemic disease

29
Q

What is SCCED characterised by?

A

Shallow central corneal erosion with a scant oedema and no vascularisation

30
Q

What factors are implicated in pannus keratitis?

A
  • Age
  • Breed
  • Gender
  • Environmental factors (sunlight exposure)
31
Q

What occurs in the latent phase of rebuilding epithelial cells over the stroma?

A
  • Apoptosis of cells damaged by wound stimulus
  • Fribronectin polymerases provide provisional anchoring to the wound bed
  • reduction in adhesion of basal cells to the basement membrane
32
Q

What occurs in the migration phase of rebuilding epithelial cells over the stroma?

A
  • Leading edge cells flatten out over the wound area and develop filopedia
  • migration of entire epithelial sheet over the wound bed
  • no cell division at this stage
33
Q

What occurs in the proliferation phase of rebuilding epithelial cells over the stroma?

A
  • Cells at the periphery of the cornea undrgo mitotic divison whilst the wound bed is migrated over
  • Transformation of the basal layers of stratified epithelium and eventually squamous cells
  • basement membrane remodelling
34
Q

What are the three examples of corneal dystrophy?

A
  • Corneal lipid and crystalline deposits
  • Corneal deposits secondary to corneal insult
  • corneal depositis secondary to metabolic disease
35
Q

What are two examples of corneal degeneration?

A
  • Felien corneal sequestrum
  • SCCED
36
Q

What are the two examples of keratitis?

A
  • Chronic/ Superficial keratitis
  • Feline eosinophillic keratitis

VMS 2007 (28 decks)

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