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VMS 2007 > Endocrinopathic laminitis > Flashcards

Endocrinopathic laminitis Flashcards

1
Q

What three things occur during laminitis?

A
  1. elongation of secondary epidermal laminae- primarily due to stretching small increase in cell proliferation
  2. increased mitosis
  3. increased apoptosis
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2
Q

What is the link between IGF-1 and laminitis?

A
  • lamellar epithelial cells have IGF-1 receptors
  • IGF-1 receptors are stimulated by high concentrations of insulin
  • therefore hyperinsulinaemia may abnormally stimulate lamellar epithelial growth
  • elongate SEL’s therefore weakening lamellar cohesion
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3
Q

What stimulates corticotroph secretion?

A

It is stimulated by corticotroph releasing factor from the hypothalamus

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4
Q

What controls the secretion of melanotrophs?

A
  • melanotrophs secrete autonomously
  • controlled by inhibitory dopaminergic neurones from the hypothalamus
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5
Q

What are the clinical features of PPID

A
  • associated with aging
  • associated with laminitis
  • excessive drinking and urination
  • muscle catabolism
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6
Q

What three conditions are associated with insulin dysregulation?

A
  • Equine metabolic syndrome
  • PPID/ Equine Cushings
  • Exogenous glucocorticoid administration
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7
Q

What three risk factors relate to endocrinopathic laminitis?

A
  • Obesity
  • Cardiovascular changes
  • Adipose dysregulation
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8
Q

What would you notice in the tests for Equine Metabolic syndrome?

A
  • High Insulin
  • High Triglyceride
  • High leptin in adipokines
  • Adiponectin is low
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9
Q

What peptide do both Corticotrophs and Melanotrophs synthesise?

A

241-amino-acid peptide propiolipomelanocortin/ POMC

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10
Q

What three ways is POMC cleaved?

A

◦ Prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC 1/3)
◦ Prohormone convertase 2 (PC2)
◦ Carboxypeptidase E (CPE)

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11
Q

What is corticotroph secretion stimulated by?

A

Cortciotroph Releasing factor from the hypothalamus and therefore carried to the pituitary via the blood

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12
Q

How are melanotrophs secreted?

A

they secrete autonomously and are controlled by inhibitory dopaminergic neurones from the hypothalamus

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13
Q

What is the primary causal event in development of PPID?

A

Oxidative damage to the inhibitory dopaminergic neurones

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14
Q

What are the Clinical Defining features of PPID?

A
  • Aging
  • Susceptability to laminitis
  • Abnormal hair growth
  • excessive drinking/ urination
  • susceptability to infections
  • muscle catabolism
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15
Q

What are the metabolic defining features of PPID?

A
  • Increased production of POMC-derived peptides
  • insulin dysregulation
  • insulin resistance
  • hyperinsulinaemia
  • hypertriglycerideamia
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16
Q

Name three POMC peptides that would be high on a PPID lab test

A
  • ACTH
  • a-MSH
  • B-endorphin
17
Q

What happens between insulin and the MAP kinase pathway?

A

Insulin resistance affects the PI3 kinase pathway, so insulin overstimulates the MAP kinase pathway therefore cellular growth/ differentiation occurs

18
Q

What are the equine metabolic syndrome risk factors for endocrinopathic laminitis?

A
  • Insulin dysregulation
  • Obesity
  • Cardiovascular changes
  • Adipose dysregulation
19
Q

What are the clinical features of equine metabolci syndrome?

A
  • Susceptability to laminitis
  • Obesity/ Generalised and/or regional
20
Q

What are the metabolci features of equine metabolic syndrome?

A
  • Hyperinsulinaemia
  • insulin resiatnce
  • hypertriglyceridaemia
21
Q

What most likely causes the metabolic features of Equine metabolic syndrome?

A
  • Genetic factors
  • obesity
  • inactivity
  • diet high in non-structural carbohydrates
22
Q

What are the predominant cell types in Equine anterior pituitary anatomy?

A
  • Corticotrophs
  • Melanotropes

they both synthesise propiolipomelanocortin POMC

23
Q

How are melanotrophs secreted?

A

They are secreted autonomously and are controlled by inhibitory dopaminergic neurones from the hypothalamus

24
Q

What is the primary causal event in development of PPID?

A

oxidative damage to inhibitory dopaminergic neurones
- releases the pars intermedia from inhibition
* causes increased secretion

25
Q

What are the grades of PPID?

A
  1. normal- normal
  2. mild hypertrophy- normal age effects
  3. marked hypertrophy- mild PPID
  4. microadenoma- moderate PPID
  5. macroadenoma- marked PPID

VMS 2007 (28 decks)

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