Diabetes Mellitus- Hyperglycaemia syndrome Flashcards
What is the function of GLUT-4?
Promotes the uptake of glucose into tissues to become adipose and muscle
How do catecholamines affect glucose?
Net increase in plasma glucose
What affect does cortisol have on blood glucose?
Increases blood glucose in two main ways
* Stimulating gluconeogenesis
* creating a state of insulin resistance
What is type 1 Diabetes?
- Insulin deficiency
- destruction or loss of pancreatic B cell
- Autoimmune
- usually genetically predisposed
What is diabetes characterised by?
Hyperglycaemia
What is glucotoxicity?
The phenomenon of impaired Beta cell function during states of elevated glucose concentration
What are the clinical signs of diabetes mellitus?
- Hyperglycaemia (reduced clearance from the blood)
- Polyuria due to increased blood glucose due to increased osmolarity and therefore increased thirst (increased ADH) and more urine
What is the reabsorption capacity termed?
Renal Glucose Threshold
What is kussmaul breathing pattern?
- Abnormal breathing pattern
- characterised by rapid deep breathing
Why are diabetic patients at a higher risk of developing Urinary Tract Infections?
Glucose sitting in the bladder
What occurs when sorbitol is not converted into fructose?
Osmotic damage and therefore Cell Death
In what tissues do we not have sorbitol dehydrogenase?
- Lens
- Retina
- Nephron
- Neurone
How does retinopathy occur?
- Degeneration and loss of pericytes
- Weakening of the capillary wall
- Plasma leakage, retinal edema-> Hard exudate
- intraretinal haemorrhage
What is the plantigrade stance?
When cats walk on their hocks
