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VMS 2007 > Endocrine diseases of the skin > Flashcards

Endocrine diseases of the skin Flashcards

1
Q

What is primary hypofunction?

A

associated with destruction of endocrine tissue

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2
Q

What is secondary hypofunction?

A

Destruction of another endocrine organ

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3
Q

What is secondary hyperfunction?

A

Excessive production of trophic hormones in another endocrine organ

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4
Q

What does endocrine dysfunction cause?

A

failure of target cell response

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5
Q

Give 4 examples of pathological mechanisms of endocrine disease

A
  • Endocrien hypersesnitivity
  • Abnormal hormone degredation
  • Endocrine dysfunction
  • Hypersecretion of hormones
  • Iatrgenic syndromes of hormone excess
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6
Q

What is pars intermedia adenoma most likely to affect?

A
  • Older horses
  • Female more than male
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7
Q

What are the two ‘possibilities’ of pars intermedia adenoma?

A
  • Inactive = hypopituitarism + diabetes insipidus
  • Active = secretes ACTH -> causes adrenal cortical hyperplasia and increased cortisol
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8
Q

What are some of the clinical signs of active Pituitary pars adenoma?

A
  • Laminitis
  • Hirsuitism
  • Hyperhidrosis
  • Somnolence
  • Pyrexia
  • Muscle weakness/ abnormal fat distribution
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9
Q

What is the most common primary hypothyroidism tumour?

A

Lymphocytic thyroiditis

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10
Q

What causes congenital hypothyroidism?

A

Lack of TH-negative feedback on TSH

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11
Q

Name 5 dermal diseases associated with hypothyrodism

A
  1. Keratinisation disorders
  2. Secondary infections
  3. Hair coat abnormalities
  4. Delayed wound healing
  5. Myxoedema
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12
Q

What does a keratinizing disorder cause?

A

Reduction in thyroid hormones -> alteration in lipogenesis + sebum production -> alteration in skin lipid levels

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13
Q

What two **other things ** does a keratinizing disorder cause?

A
  • Hyperkeratosis
  • Seborrhea, ventral comedones, otitis externa
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14
Q

What stage of hair growth does TH stimulate?

A

anagen/ the active phase of hair growth

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15
Q

What does a reduction in Th do to hair growth

A

Increases telogen = the rest phase so hairs are easily dislodged

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16
Q

Where are the most common points of alopecia?

A
  • Areas of pressure = nose, neck, pinnaer, flanks, ventrum, perineum and tail
  • also associated with hyperpigmentation
17
Q

What does myxoederma cause?

A

deposition of mucin the dermis and subcutis

18
Q

How does reduced TH cause altered wound healing?

A
  • Altered collagen synthesis
  • Abnormal fibroblast function in wound healing
19
Q

What does a secondary infection cause?

A
  • Altered cutaneous barrier
  • reduced immune function
  • seborrhea
  • may be due to a bacterial infection e.g malassezia, dermatitis
20
Q

What are the clinical signs pf feline hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Poor grooming/ over grroming
  • Increased claw growth
  • Excessive shedding
  • Thin skin
21
Q

What are three tumours that cause cushing syndrome?

A
  • Bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia
  • Adrenocortical neoplasms
  • Exogenous glucocorticoids
22
Q

Name 5 dermal diseases associated with hyperadrenocorticism

A
  1. Keratinisation disorders
  2. Hair coat abnormalities
  3. Dermal atrophy
  4. Calcinosis cutis
  5. Delayed wound healing
23
Q

Name 4 hair coat abnormalities that arise from adrenal gland disorders

A
  • Inhibition of anagen
  • Bilateral symmetrical
  • Over points of wear
  • low rate of hair growth + alopecia
24
Q

Name 4 things that cutaneous atrophy causes

A
  1. Anti-enzymatic protein catabolism
  2. Atrophy of the epidermis and pilocebaceous apparatus
  3. loss of collagen and elastin fibres in the epidermis and subcutis (thin fragility of epidermis and dermis)
  4. Hyperpigmentation
25
Q

What is calcinosis cutis?

A

Dermal deposition of calcium in the
* Ventral abdomen
* Dorsal midline
* Inguinal region

Mineralisation can also occur in the lungs and stomach

26
Q

What does reduced collagen synthesis cause?

A
  • Abnormal fibroblast function
  • Fragile vessels
27
Q

What does hyperadrenocorticism in cats cause?

A
  • Skin fragility syndrome
  • Thin skin
  • Alopecia- unkept haircoat
  • recurrent abscess
28
Q

What is the pathogenesis of early castration in ferrets?

A
  1. Neutering/ Castration
  2. lack of testosterone/ oestradiol negative feedback on the hypothalamus
  3. incresae in GnRh
  4. Increase in LH level stimulating adrenla cortex LH receptors
  5. Hyperplasia and androgen production
  6. Adenoma/ Adenocarcinoma
29
Q

What are the clinical signs of adrenal tumours in ferrets?

A
  • Advanced age
  • billateral symmetrical alopecia
  • other lesions (pot-belly, comedones, swollen vulva)
30
Q

What are the dermal signs of adrenal issues in guinea-pigs and hamsters

A
  • Bilateral
  • non-pruritic alopecia
  • hyperpigmentation
31
Q

Hyperoestrogenism is most often found in…

A

Middle aged dogs with oestrogen producing polycystic ovaries
and males with functional testicular tumours

32
Q

What dermal lesions are found in dogs with adrenal issues?

A
  • Symmetrical alopecia
  • hyperpigmentation
  • Enlarged nipples, vulva and mammary gland
33
Q

What does hyperosetrogenism look like in guibea pigs?

A

Cysric ovarian disease causes billateral symmetrical flank alopecia

VMS 2007 (28 decks)

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