Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Conjunctiva

A

A delicate membrane that covers the eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Special senses

A

Smell, taste, sight, and hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sclera

A

White, fibrous, rubbery protective globe that has a transparent anterior part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cornea

A

Five layers of epithelial and fibrous tissue, is the chief refractive medium of the eye, focusing light rays onto the retina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lense

A

Tightly packed, encapsulated non elastic fibers derived from epithelial cells) also refracts light and, up to middle age, varied it’s shape and refractive index.

Light entering eye is focused on the retina by the Lense.

Attached to the ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Extra cellular fluid filling the eyes anterior and posterior chambers, and the more gelatinous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vitreous humor

A

80% of the globes volume, function as refractive media.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Choroid

A

The inner surface of the posterior two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ciliary body

A

The choroid thickens anteriorly as the pigmented fibromuscular ciliary body that surrounds the Lense.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myopia

A

Short vision

It occurs when the parallel light rays from distant objects fail to reach the retina and instead are focused in front of it.

Therefore, distant objects appear blurry to myopic people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hyperopia

A

Far vision

It occurs when the parallel light rays from a distant objects are focused behind the retina- at least the testing eye in which the lens is flat and the ciliary muscle is relaxed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cataracts

A

Result from this process cause vision to become hazy and distorted and they eventually cause blindness in the effected eye.

Risks:

Diabetes
Intense sun
Heavy smoking

Treatment:

Surgical removal
Replacement
Cataract glasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lacrimal glands

A

Are located above the lateral end of each eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lacrimal canaliculi

A

Tears flush across the eyeball into the lacrimal sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Empties into the naval cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Photoreceptors

A

In the retina there are millions of receptor cells, the rods and cones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bipolar cells

A

Electrical signals pass from the photoreceptors via two neuron chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ganglion cells

A

One of the two neuron chain that respond to light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Optic nerve

A

Transmits nerve impulses to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Optic disc

A

What’s inside a rod and cone

The photorecetor cells are distributed over the entire retina except where the optic nerve ( composed of ganglion cell axons) leaves the eyeball: this site is called the optic disc, or blind spot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fovea centralis

A

A tiny pit that contains only cones.

Greatest visual acuity sharpest vision

Anything we wish to view critically is ficused on the fovea centralis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cones 3 types

A

Responds to vigorous blue light

Another green

Both green and red wave lengths

Red cones

When all three cones are being stimulated we see white.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Outer segment of cone

A

Attached to cell body

Corresponds to light- trapping dendrite, in which the discs contains the visual pigments are stacked like a row of pennies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Visual pigments

A

When light strikes them, they lose their color, or are “bleached”

Regenerate pigment

Absorbption of light and pigment bleaching cause electrical changes in the photoreceptors cells that ultimately cause nerve impulses to be transmitted to the brain for visual interpretation,

Pigment regeneration ensures that you are not blinded and unable to see in bright sunlight.

25
Q

Rhodopsin

A

The purple pigment found in rods

Formed in a union of protein (Opsin) and a modified vitamin A product (retinal)

When combined in rhodopsin retinal has a kinked shape that allows it to bind to Opsin.

But when the light strikes rhodopsin retinal straightens out and releases the protein.

Once straightened out the retinal continues its conversion until once again vitamin A

26
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Clear watery fluid

Similar to blood plasma

Continually secreted by special area of choroid

Helps maintain intraocular pressure

It provides nutrients for the avascular lense and cornea.

If blocked pressure can start to build up. It causes glaucoma.

27
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Is re absorbed into the venous blood through the

Sclera venous sinus

28
Q

Light

A

When light passes from one substance to another it has s different density it’s speed changes and rays are bent, or refracted.

Light rays are bent in the eye as they encounter the cornea, aqueous humor, lense, and vitreous humor.

29
Q

Convexity

A

The greater the lense Convexity the more it bends the light.

30
Q

Accommodation

A

The ability to focus specifically for close objects.( less then 20 feet away)

31
Q

Optic chiasma

A

The fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain.

32
Q

Optic track

A

The fiber tracks that result from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain.

33
Q

Conjuntiva

A

The mucus membrane, lines the interior surface of the eyelid and continues over the eye.

34
Q

Tarsal glands

A

Modified sebaceous glands.

Produce oil to help trap moisture in the eye.

35
Q

Tears

A

Tears flow from the lacramsl glands across the eye and into the lacramil canaliculi( duct) located where the lacramal bone meets the orbit.

From here the tears go into the lacrimal sack, down the nasolacrimal duct and enter into the nasal cavity.

36
Q

Inferior oblique

A

Causes you to elevate your eye and turn it lateral.

37
Q

Inferior rectus

A

Depresses the eye.

38
Q

Lateral rectus

A

Moves the eyes away from the nose.

39
Q

Medial rectus

A

Causes you to look toward the nose.

40
Q

Superior Oblique

A

Depressed the eye and moves it laterally.

41
Q

Superior rectus

A

Elevates the eye.

42
Q

Vascular tunic

A

Middle part of the eye.

Due to its high concentration of blood vessels.

43
Q

4 steps/ ability to see light

A

Focus the light

Detect the light

Pass the detected message to brain

Interpret the image in the brain

44
Q

Ciliary bodies

A

Ciliary bodies contain muscles that can squeeze the lens or let expand.

This allows the eye to focus on near or distant objects.

45
Q

Myopia

A

Nearby objects in focus. Distant objects out of focus.

46
Q

Hyperopia

A

Nearby objects out of focus. Distant objects in focus.

47
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of the eye

48
Q

Pupil

A

Black part of the eye

49
Q

Eyelids meet

A

Medial and the lateral commisures

50
Q

Lacrimal glands

A

Secrete tears; salt solution with antibacterial properties

51
Q

Tarsal glands

A

Secrete an oily solution that protects the eye.

52
Q

Conjectiva

A

Is the membrane that lines the eyelid and eyeball; inflammation is called conjunctivitis

53
Q

Retina

A

Detects light

Inverted

54
Q

Action potential

A

In the dark, rods and cones release inhibitory neurotransmitter (glutamate)

In the light, glutamate not longer released thus ‘exciting’ bipolar cells stimulate ganglion cells to form action potential.

55
Q

Fova centralis

A

Is the area of the greatest visual acuity

At the middle of out field of vision

Contains cone cells which allow us to see color, but are activated by bright light.

56
Q

Color blindness

A

Is a group of disorders charterized by the inability to see colors normally.

Red-green colorblindness is the most common type 5% of males, due to defects in cone cells.

57
Q

Macula

A

Spots in the retina?

58
Q

Information is transferred from the visual cortex

A

Visual information in the left half of your field of vision of both eyes travels to the right side of your brain.

The optic nerve and optic tract carry information from the retina to the brain crossing at the optic chiasma

59
Q

Hemianopia

A

Is blindness in the same side of the visual field in both eyes.

Microbiology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions