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Microbiology > Endocrine System/ Cara Gambina > Flashcards

Endocrine System/ Cara Gambina Flashcards

1
Q

Pancreas (Alpha cells)

A

Causes liver to release glycogen

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2
Q

Thyroid/(Calcitonin)

A

Responsible for increasing the deposition of calcium into bone

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3
Q

Pituitary gland/(Prolactin)

A

Causes the production of milk in woman

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4
Q

adrenal glands/Aldosterone

A

Causes the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron to retain more sodium at the loss of a 2 thirds less potassium.

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5
Q

Thyroid hormone

A

Responsible for driving your metabolism and raising your metabolic rate.

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6
Q

Insulin

A

Causes glucose and amino acids to be taken up by the muscle and adipose tissue and it also causes anabolic reactions in cells.

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7
Q

Oxytocin

A

associated with bonding in humans.nursing/ childbirth

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8
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Detects a significant deviation from set set point, it produces hormones called tropic hormones.

These tropic hormones go to the pituitary gland, which is located inferior to the hypothalamus in the sphenoid bone, via a very small portal vain and signal the anterior pituitary gland to start making 1 or two more hormones.

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9
Q

Infundibulum

A

Connecting the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

Infundibulum contains axons that go to centers of the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland,

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10
Q

Diencephalon

A

Sits in the center of the brain

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

Thalamus

A

Manly a relay point for afferent(sensory) nerve signals in the brain.

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Monitors those signals closely

Produces hormones if sense a deviation.

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13
Q

Pineal gland

A

Is also part of the Diencephalon. The pineal gland receives sensory information from the eyes and helps establish circadian rhythms( day night cycles). It does so via the hormone melatonin which is produced at night.

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14
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Neck below the larynx and it wraps around the anterior trachea.

The thyroid gland produces an iodine containing hormone called thyroid hormone or thyroxine.
This hormone is vital for the driving your metabolism and raising your metabolic rate.

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15
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

4 pea sized - behind the thyroid

Maintaining a minimum blood calcium levels via the production of parathyroid hormone.

This hormone increases uptake of calcium in the kidneys and intestine as well as increases the activity of osteoclasts which break down bone releasing calcium in the process.

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16
Q

Adrenal glands and the pancreas

A

Located deep within the abdominal cavity.

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17
Q

Pancreas

A

Releases insulin

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18
Q

Glucagon

A

Is produced in response to low blood sugar.

Causes the liver to release glycogen stores into the body and produce new glucose from amino acids.

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19
Q

Pars nervosa

A

The axons they decend from the hypothalamus terminate in the pars nervosa.

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20
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Rest in the superior surface of the kidneys and they are in reality 2 glands. In the center of the adreanal gland is called the adrenal medulla and composed of nervous tissue.

Axons from the sympathetic nervous system stimulate chromafin cells to produce adrenalin ( epinephrine) and noradrenalin( nor epinephrine)

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21
Q

Calcitonin

A

Is a hormone that increases the activity of osteoblasts in your bone.

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22
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Does this by increasing the activity of bone eating osteoclasts as well as increasing the absorption of calcium in the intestines and rea sorbitol in the kidneys.

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23
Q

Thyroid

A

Calcitonin ( increasing calcium)

Thyroxine ( metabolism)

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24
Q

Pineal gland

A

Melatonin

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25
Adrenal glands
Located posterior and inferior to the stomach and is responsible for producing 2 hormones that help regulate blood sugar.
26
Anterior pituitary gland
Acidophils Acidophil
27
Pancreas
Acini cells Pancreatic juice which aids digestion
28
Pancreatic islet cells
Produce the endocrine hormones of the pancreas.
29
Endocrine organs
Secretory epithelia that release hormones
30
STEROID HORMONES
Interns into cell change mRNA expression
31
NONSTEROID HORMONES
Trigger the activation of second messengers
32
Second messengers
Trigger changes inside cells
33
Tropic hormones
Hormones that cause release of other hormones.
34
Hypothalamus (tropic hormone)
Secretes hormones that stimulate anterior pituitary gland.
35
Anterior pituitary gland
Makes (ACTH) adrenocorticotropic hormone
36
HUMORAL stimuli
Response to rising/ falling levels ( non- hormone) substances in blood.
37
Neural stimulus
Trigger hormone release " fight or flight" or nipple stimulation.
38
Posterior pituitary
Does not make hormones.
39
Anterior pituitary hormones
Are Peptides or proteins - second messengers
40
Anterior pituitary gland ( regulated)
By other tropic hormones and negative feed back.
41
Anterior pituitary hormones
Stimulate growth/ release of additional hormones.
42
GHRH
Growth hormone release hormone. Regulated by hypothalamus - pituitary gland
43
Prolactin
Triggers milk production in woman
44
FSH and LH
Trigger sperm/ egg development, release, sex hormone production.
45
(ACTH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Anterior pituitary triggers release from ( outer) of the adrenal gland.
46
Glucocorticoids ( cortisone and cortisol)
Reduce inflammation, raise blood sugar.
47
Monetalocorticoids
Signal kidney to retain water and sodium.
48
Tenon signal
Kidneys sense when your blood drops send hormonal signal
49
Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH)
Made in anterior pituitary.
50
Thyroid hormones
Act on most of your cells to regulate growth, calcium levels, body temp.
51
The thyroid
(t4) (t3) increase rate of glucose burning, raises body temperature
52
The thyroid
Tissues bt. follicles make calcitonin,which triggers calcium storage in bones.
53
Hyperthyroidism
Autoimmune damage and cancer
54
Hypothyroidism
Occur if immune system destroys thyroid tissue
55
Parathyroid glands
Attached to thyroid/ hormone(PTH) keeps blood calcium up
56
parathyroid gland(PTH)
Increases calcium absorption/ prevents kidneys from getting rid of hormone: triggers bone break down.
57
Overactive parathyroid
Can lead to osteoporosis
58
Pancreatic hormones
Regulate blood sugar and growth
59
TSH- thyroid- stimulating hormone
Made in anterior pituitary gland Increased growth and hormone release from thyroid gland in the neck. Thyroid hormones act on most of your cells to regulate growth, energy use and body temperature, calcium levels and sexual development
60
Thyroid hormone - follicles
(t4) and ( T3) Increase the rate of glucose burning raised body temperature
61
Tissues in follicle of Thyroid
Makes calcitonin, which triggers calcium storage in bones.
62
Hormonal stimuli
Ex, hypothalamic hormones stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete it's hormones
63
Hormonal
Hypo->pituitary gland->
64
Humoral stimulus
Capillary blood contains low concentration of ca2 which stimulates
65
Neural stimulus
Sympathetic fiber stimulates adrenal medulla cells Norepinephrine and epinephrine during periods of stress.
66
Endocrine organs
Pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands, and thymus, pancreas and the gonads.
67
ADH hypo secretion
Diabetes insipidus
68
Diabetes insipidus
Excessive urine output
69
Goiters
Deficient in iodine
70
Cretinism
Dwarfism
71
Myrdema
Physical and mental sluggishness | Hypothyroidism
72
Calcitonin
Decreases blood calcium levels by causing calcium to be deposited into bones.
73
Thyroxine
Majors hormone secreted by thyroid follicles
74
Renin
An enzyme produced by kidneys when blood pressure drops.
75
Type 2 diabetes
Produce insulin, but for some reason their insulin receptors are unable to respond to it.
76
Antidiuretic hormone ( ADH)
Peptide Retention of water by kidneys Hypothalamus
77
Oxytocin
Peptide Contracts uterus bonding Nervous system ( hypothalamus)
78
AL-pituitary gland
(GH) growth hormone Protein Stimulates growth Hypothalamic
79
(FSH) follicle-stimulating hormone
Protein Stimulate ova and sperm Hypothalamic hormones
80
(TSH) thyroid- stimulating hormone
Protein Stimulates thyroid gland Thyroxine in blood Hypothalamic hormones
81
Adrenocortrpic hormone (ACTH)
Protein Stimulates adrenal correct to secrete glucocorticoids
82
Parathyroid
PTH Peptide Raises blood calcium level
83
Adrenal medulla
Epinephrine and norepinephrine Nervous system Raise in blood glucose level
84
Adrenal cortex
Glucocticoids Steroids Increase blood glucose ACTH
85
Adrenal cortex
Monetalocorticoids Steroids Promote transient ion of Na and excretion of K in kidneys
86
Pancreas
Insulin Protein Glucagon Protein
87
Aldosterone
Steroid hormone Adrenal cortex Regulation of blood pressure.
88
Cortisol
Released in response to stress hormone steroid Low blood glucose From adrenal cortex

Microbiology (19 decks)

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