Extras: Upper GI: Mouth -> Esophagus

Question 1

What is seen on Tzanck smear with HSV?

Answer 1

Acantholytic keratinocytes

Question 2

Histo of hairy leukoplakia

Answer 2

Balloon cells, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis

Question 3

Genetic cause of Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome

Answer 3

AD mutation of STK II

Question 4

Syndrome that causes odontogenic keratocysts

Answer 4

Gorlin syndrome

Question 5

Odontogenic keratocyst

Answer 5

Ep-lined cyst in posterior mandible

Question 6

Most common HEENT cancer

Answer 6

SCC

Question 7

Most common cause of HEENT SCC

Answer 7

HPV

Question 8

Genes associated with HEENT SCC

Answer 8

Tp53, CDKN2A, PIKC3A, Notch, FAT1

Question 9

Sicca symptoms

Answer 9

Sx in Sjogren’s that include dry mouth, gland enlargement, and dry eyes

Question 10

Abs in Sjogren’s

Answer 10

Anti SSA-Ro and SSB-La

Question 11

Most common salivary neoplasm

Answer 11

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 12

Mutation in pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 12

PLAG1 or HMG2

Question 13

Where are Warthin tumors almost exclusively found

Answer 13

Parotid

Question 14

Two most common malignant tumors of the salivary gland

Answer 14

1. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

2. Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Question 15

Translocation and genes associated with mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Answer 15

t(11;19)(q21q13) -> MECT-MAML translocation

Question 16

Histo of adenoid cystic carcinoma

Answer 16

Cribiform, looks like Swiss cheese

Question 17

Genetic anomalies associated with pyloric stenosis vs hirschprung dz

Answer 17

1. Pyloric stenosis: 45XO, Trisomy 18

2. Hirschsprung’s: Trisomy 21

Question 18

Treatment for both nutcracker esophagus and diffuse esophageal spasms

Answer 18

Nitrates or Ca antagonists

Question 19

Abs in CREST syndrome

Answer 19

Scl-70 Abs, anti-centromere Abs

Question 20

What causes “steakhouse syndrome”

Answer 20

Esophageal rings

Question 21

What causes GERD to get better as it gets worse?

Answer 21

Esophageal strictures

Question 22

Two esophageal CA’s discussed: which is most common in world, which is most common in US?

Answer 22

World: esophageal SCC
US: esophageal adenocarcinoma

Question 23

RFs in esophageal SCC vs adenocarcinoma

Answer 23

SCC: smoking, alcohol, achalasia, HPV, Plummer-Vincent, radiation, hot beverages
Adenocarcinoma: smoking, achalasia, radiation, GERD**

Question 24

What condition has Signet rings on histology?

Answer 24

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

Question 25

Ulcers in esophagus with CMV vs HSV

Answer 25

CMV: shallow with inclusion bodies
HSV: small and deep

Question 26

Treatment for infectious esophagitis with CMV, HSV, candida

Answer 26

CMV: gancyclovir
HSV: acyclovir
Candida: Fluconazole