2: Dysphagia

Question 1

4 causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia

Answer 1

1. Zenker’s diverticulum
2. Esophageal webs
3. Plummer-Vinson syndrome
4. Sjogren’s

Question 2

6 causes of esophageal dysphagia

Answer 2

1. Esophageal rings
2. Esophageal strictures
3. Barrett esophagus
4. Esophageal CA
5. Achalasia
6. Scleroderma

Question 3

Dysphagia: what are 5 important questions to ask in the history?

Answer 3

1. Constant vs intermittent
2. Progressive vs not?
3. Solids, liquids, or both
4. Unintentional WL?
5. Hoarseness

Question 4

Two systems to do a physical exam on for a pt with dysphagia

Answer 4

1. Neck exam

2. Skin exam (look for scleroderma)

Question 5

Oropharyngeal dysphagia vs pharyngeal

Answer 5

1. Oropharyngeal: difficulty initiating swallow, food sticks at suprasternal notch level, may have regurgitation
2. Pharyngeal: food sticks at mid-lower sternal area, may have regurgitation and aspiration

Question 6

Two populations more prone to Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Answer 6

1. Middle aged

2. Females

Question 7

Five factors of Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Answer 7

1. Esophageal webs
2. Angular chelitis
3. Glossitis
4. Koilonychia (spoon nails)
5. IDA (weakness and fatigue)

Question 8

What type of cancer can form due to Barrett esophagus

Answer 8

Adenocarcinoma

Question 9

What is tylosis

Answer 9

Plamoplantar keratoderma

Question 10

What are the five factors of CREST

Answer 10

1. Calcinosis
2. Raynaud’s
3. Esophageal dysmotility
4. Scerlodactyly
5. Telangiectasia