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2: GI2 Exam 1 > 6: Path Of Esophagus And Stomach > Flashcards

6: Path Of Esophagus And Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

four layers of the alimentary canal

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

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2
Q

Three layers of the mucosa of the gut

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Muscularis mucosa
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3
Q

VACTERL Association parts

A
  1. V: vertebral
  2. A: anal anomalies (missing an anus)
  3. C: Cardiac
  4. TE: tracheo-esophageal fistula
  5. R: Renal anomalies
  6. L: limb anomalies
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4
Q

Two plexuses for intrinsic innervation and their location

A
  1. Myenteric: in muscularis layer

2. Submucosal plexus: in submucosal layer

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5
Q

What do the two plexuses for intrinsic innervation do?

A
  1. Myenteric: motility, esp the rhythm and force of contractions of muscularis
  2. Submucosal: regulating digestive secretions, reacts to presence of food
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6
Q

What part of the embryonic gut does the esophagus form from?

A

Cranial portion of the foregut

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7
Q

When in gestation is the esophagus recognizable?

A

Third week

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8
Q

Blood supply to the upper, middle, and lower 1/3 of the esophagus

A
  1. Upper: inferior thyroid artery
  2. Middle: branches of thoracic aorta
  3. Lower: left gastric A
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9
Q

How much more common are UGIBs vs LGIBs?

A

UGIBs 4x more common

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10
Q

Atopy

A

The genetic tendency to develop allergic disease such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis

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11
Q

Most common outpatient GI dx

A

GERD

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12
Q

What three things allow the LES to relax during swallowing

A
  1. NO
  2. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
  3. Interruption of nl cholinergic signaling
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13
Q

Most common tumor of the esophagus

A

Smooth muscle tumors

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14
Q

Mutation that causes Tylosis

A

RHBDF2 mutation

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15
Q

What portion of the stomach are G cells in?

A

Antrum (bottom)

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16
Q

G cells secrete what?

A

Gastrin

17
Q

What does gastrin do

A

Stimulates luminal acid secretion by parietal cells

18
Q

Where in the stomach are parietal cells located?

A

Fundus and body

19
Q

What cell type in the stomach secretes pepsin?

A

Chief cells

20
Q

What hormone inhibits gastrin release?

A

Somatostatin

21
Q

What cell type is present that qualifies a gastritis as “acute”

A

Neutrophils

22
Q

How to name a gastritis with no/rare inflammatory cells

A

Gastropathy

23
Q

What do prostaglandins do in the stomach? 4 Things

A
  1. Inhibit acid secretion
  2. Stimulate mucus and bicarb
  3. Alter mucosal blood flow
  4. Provide protection against many agents that may cause mucosal damage
24
Q

H. Pylori is associated with what factors in the US?

A

Poverty, household crowding, limited education, rural areas

25
Q

Likely transmission of H pylori

A

Fecal oral

26
Q

Three tests that test for H pylori

A
  1. Serologic Ab tests
  2. fecal bacterial Ag detection
  3. Urea breath test
27
Q

Combo of drugs to treat H pylori

A

Abx + PPI

28
Q

What does autoimmune gastritis turn into in 2-3 decades?

A

Gastric atrophy

29
Q

Type of gastritis related to celiac disease

A

Lymphocytic gastritis

30
Q

Three things that can cause granulomatous gastritis

A
  1. Chron disease (most common)
  2. Sarcoidosis
  3. Infection
31
Q

description of a typical peptic ulcer

A

Solitary, round/oval sharply punched out defect with slight overhang of mucosa at the base

32
Q

Heaped up margin of an ulcer is indicative of what?

A

Cancers

33
Q

Hypertrophic gastropathy: describe

A

Giant cerebriform enlargement of rugae folds due to epithelial hyperplasia without inflammation

34
Q

Example of a hypertrophic gastropathy

A

Menetrier Disease

35
Q

Two most powerful prognostic indicators in gastric CA

A
  1. Depth of invasion

2. Extent of nodal and distant metastases

36
Q

Three factors that determine prognosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma

A
  1. Degree of Histo differentiation
  2. Mitotic rate
  3. II-67
37
Q

Three ways on histo to differentiate a neuroendocrine tumor

A
  1. Synaptophysin
  2. Chromogranin
  3. NSE
38
Q

Three indicators of prognosis for GIST

A
  1. Size
  2. Mitotic index
  3. Location

2: GI2 Exam 1 (24 decks)

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