Extras Flashcards
Potentiation trio in stomach hormones
Histamine, Ach, gastrin
Cell type that secretes CCK
I cells
What do SCFAs promote?
Tregs
Cell type + cytokines that causes local GI manifestations of food allergy
Th2 -> IL-4, IL-9, IL-13
2 examples of IgE mediated allergy and 2 non-IgE
IgE: Wheat allergy, FDEIA
Non-IgE: Cow’s milk allergy, peanut allergy
Ig in peanut allergy
IgG1
Hunger vs satiety center in hypothalamus
Hunger: lateral hypothalamic area
Satiety: ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
three hormones produced by L cells in small or large intestine
- PPY
- GLP-1
- oxyntomodulin
(All decrease appetite)
How do most hormones that regulate feeding work?
Bind POMC and/or NPY neurons to stimulate or inhibit them
Two hormones that inhibit ghrelin
Leptin, CCK
GLP-1 function
Decreases glucagon secretion
SGLT1
Secondary active transporter for glucose and galactose from lumen -> enterocyte
Cystinuria vs hartnup disease
Cystinuria: no di-basic AA transporter (cysteine, lysine, arg, ornithine)
Hartnup disease: no neutral AA transporter
Four transverse planes in the abdomen
- Transpyloric
- Subcostal
- Transtubercle
- Interspinous
Two muscles that make the inguinal falx
IO + TA
What ganglia each set of splanchnic nerves goes to
- Greater thoracics -> celiac
- Lesser thoracics -> SM ganglia
- Least thoracics -> aorticorenal
- Lumbar splanchnics -> SM, IM, hypogastric
- Sacral splanchnics -> inferior hypogastric
- Pelvic splanchnics -> hypogastric
Pyloric vs gastric glands in stomach
Pyloric: mucus cells, G cells
Gastric:: mucus, Chief, parietal cells
Chief cells vs parietal cells two secretions
Chief -> pepsinogen, lipase
Parietal -> HCl, intrinsic factor
Four cells in crypts of Lieberkuhn
Enteroendocrine cells, paneth cells, M cells, intestinal stem cells
Three spaces on the anterior abdominal wall between the median, medial, and lateral umbilical folds
- Supraveiscular fossa
- Medial inguinal fossa
- Lateral inguinal fossa
Pit cells in liver
Liver NKs
