13: Food Allergies

Question 1

Type I Hypersensitivit

Answer 1

Characterized by IgE production

Question 2

What is the most common type of hypersensitivity against food?

Answer 2

Type I

Question 3

How do type III and IV hypersensitivities work?

Answer 3

Macrophage activation by Ag-Ab complex in FCyR-dependent manner + activation of T cells specific for Ag

Question 4

Seven mast cell mediators

Answer 4

1. Histamine
2. TNF-a
3. IL-1
4. Tryptase
5. Prostaglandins
6. Bradykinin
7. IL-5

Question 5

Vitamin D, A and folate on allergies

Answer 5

Suppress inflammatory responses

Question 6

High fat diet in allergies

Answer 6

Promotes inflammation

Question 7

how does gut micobiota suppress allergic immune response

Answer 7

Induction of iTregs -> suppress Th2 cells, mast cells, and IgE

Question 8

Three major tools to diagnose IgE-Mediated allergy

Answer 8

1. History is #1 tool!
2. Skin prick test
3. Serum specific IgE test (less sensitive)

Question 9

Most prevalent food-induced pathology

Answer 9

Celiac disease

Question 10

Non-GI findings in celiac disease

Answer 10

Failure to thrive, delayed puberty, autoimmune disorders, inflammation, neurologic disorders, metabolic disorders

Question 11

What % of celiac pts will develop a second autoimmune disease?

Answer 11

15-20%

Question 12

Can celiac disease pts have anaphylaxis?

Answer 12

Not from gluten

Question 13

Silent presentation of celiac disease

Answer 13

More than 95% remain undiagnosed bc a lot of people dont report symptoms or seek medical advice

Question 14

Three ways to test for Celiac

Answer 14

1. Measuring serum IgA to TG2
2. Intestinal biopsy
3. Genetic testing for HLAs

Question 15

Genetic testing for celiac main function

Answer 15

To exclude celiac diagnosis