8: Accessory Organ Histology

Question 1

Ep type salivary gland intercalated duct, striated duct, and excretory duct

Answer 1

Intercalated: low cuboidal
Striated: simple cuboidal to columnar
Excretory duct: simple cuboidal to psuedostratified columnar to stratified cuboidal

Question 2

What gland is the pancreas most likely confused for in histo?

Answer 2

Parotid gland (use islets to ID)

Question 3

Function of exocrine pancreas

Answer 3

Secrete enzymes and alkaline solution into duodenum for digestion

Question 4

Enzymes released from exocrine pancreas with high protein meal or high carb meal

Answer 4

High protein: increase trypsinogen/chymotrypsinogen

High carb: increase amylase synthesis

Question 5

Capsules in pancreas

Answer 5

Outer capsule made of loose Ct and neurovasculature + thin reticular capsules around islets of langerhans

Question 6

Embryology of islets of langerhans

Answer 6

Endodermal outgrowths

Question 7

Is liver endocrine or exocrine?

Answer 7

Both

Question 8

Capsule around liver

Answer 8

Thin CT capsule lined with mesothelium of visceral peritoneum

Question 9

Arrangement of hepatocytes in lieu of acini

Answer 9

In cellular cords

Question 10

Hepatocyte histo

Answer 10

Large, polygonal cells, eosinophilic cyto, microvilli, large nuclei (most are tetraploid)

Question 11

Lining of biliary tree

Answer 11

Mucous membrane with simple columnar ep of cholangiocytes

Question 12

Which part of the biliary tree has some areas of mucous glands?

Answer 12

Cystic duct

Question 13

Where does the muscularis layer thicken in the biliary tree?

Answer 13

Near duodenum to form a sphincter of Oddi to regulate bile flow into duodenum

Question 14

Three things present in hepatic sinusoids

Answer 14

Anastomosing capillaries to perfuse hepatocytes with blood, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells

Question 15

Perisinusoidal space in liver

Answer 15

Between hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelium

Question 16

Function of perisinusoidal space

Answer 16

Uptake/release of nutrients, proteins, etc. - exchange between blood and hepatocytes

Question 17

How does the perisinusoidal space work

Answer 17

Fills with plasma, which directly bathes microvilli of hepatocytes

Question 18

Periportal space in liver

Answer 18

At edges of canals between stromal CT and hepatocytes, where excess fluid is drained into lymphatic vessels

Question 19

Mucosa of the gallbladder

Answer 19

Highly folded simple columnar ep with microvilli

Question 20

Four layers of the gallbladder

Answer 20

No submucosa present

Question 21

Muscularis of gallbladder

Answer 21

Bundles of muscle fibers oriented in direction to facilitate emptying

Question 22

Adventitia vs serosa of gallbladder

Answer 22

Adventitia: where its against liver
Serosa: where exposed to peritoneal cavity

Question 23

Rokitansky-Aschoff Sinuses

Answer 23

Deep diverticula of gallbladder mucosa caused by hyperplasia of epithelium through to the muscularis externa

Question 24

What can Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses cause?

Answer 24

Bacteria may accumulate and cause chronic inflammation + gallstone risk is increased