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GIGU Exam 1 > 1: Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

1: Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Two boundaries of the abdominopelvic cavities

A

Thoracic diaphragm + pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

Pelvic inlet

A

Separates abdomen + pelvis

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3
Q

Direction the EO, IO, and TA run

A

EO: downward and medial
IO: 90 degrees from EO
TA: transverse and medial, some runs towards pubic crest

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4
Q

EO O and I

A

O: outer lower 7 ribs
I: aponeuroses, linea alba, anterior iliac crest, pubic tubercle

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5
Q

EO N

A

Ventral rami T7-12 of intercostal N’s

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6
Q

EO action

A

Compresses abdomen to increase intra-abdominal pressure, moves trunk, retains posture

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7
Q

Three things formed by the external oblique

A
  1. Inguinal ligament: from lower portion
  2. Inguinal ring
  3. Lacunae ligament
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8
Q

What does the EO interdigitate with?

A

Serratus anterior

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9
Q

Internal Oblique O and I

A

O; iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

I: lower 10-12 ribs, aponeuroses, linea alba, pubic crest

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10
Q

IO N

A

T7-12, L1

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11
Q

Internal Oblique action

A

Compresses and supports viscera, lateral flexion, rotation

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12
Q

Two things formed by the IO

A

Inguinal falx, cremasteric muscle (part of it)

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13
Q

Transversus Abdominis O and I

A

O: lower 7-12 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, upper inguinal lig
I: linea alba, pubic crest

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14
Q

Transversus abdominis N

A

T7-L1

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15
Q

Transversus abdominis action

A

Compresses and supports viscera

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16
Q

What does the transversus abdominis contribute to in the inguinal region?

A

Inguinal falx

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17
Q

Rectus abdominis O and I

A

O: pubic symphysis, pubic crest
I: xiphoid process, outer surface of intercostal cartilages 5-7

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18
Q

Rectus abdominis N

A

Ventral rami T7-12

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19
Q

Rectus abdominis action

A

Flexes and compresses abdomen

20
Q

Linea semilunaris

A

Lateral border of rectus abdominis

21
Q

Pyramidis M

A

Quite small in pubic region, missing in 20% of people

22
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Fascia and aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles that encompasses the rectus abdominis M

23
Q

Where are RA tendinous intersections? Three levels

A

Umbilical, xiphoid, and midway levels

24
Q

Which aponeurosis is always anterior?

A

EO

25
Q

IO aponeurosis

A

Splits to encompass rectus muscle in upper 3/4ths, lower 1/4 is all anterior

26
Q

Arcuate line

A

Sharp transition between where all EO, IO and TA aponeuroses become anterior to rectus abdominis

27
Q

Three folds on the internal anterior abdominal surface and what they form from

A
  1. Median umbilical fold: obliterated urachus
  2. Medial umbilical fold: obliterated umbilical A’s
  3. Lateral umbilical fold: inferior epigastric A
28
Q

2 nerves that traverse the inguinal canal

A

Ilioinguinal, genitofemoral N

29
Q

What arteries runs along the inguinal lig

A

Superficial circumflex iliac A, deep circumflex iliac A

30
Q

What muscle does the inferior epigastric A run posterior to?

A

Rectus abdominis

31
Q

Superficial lymph vessels: superior and inferior to umbilicus drain into what?

A

Superior -> axillary nodes

Inferior -> superficial inguinal nodes

32
Q

Where are deep lymph vessels in the anterior abdomen

A

Accompany deep veins of abdominal wall (external and internal iliacs)

33
Q

Iliopubic tract

A

Thickened transversalis fascia posterior to inguinal lig, reinforces floor of inguinal canal

34
Q

Direct vs indirect hernia location

A

Direct: through inguinal canal
Indirect: through deep inguinal ring

35
Q

What herniates in an inguinal hernia?

A

Peritoneum/transversalis fascia, spermatic cord

36
Q

Femoral hernia location

A

Below inguinal ligament

37
Q

Demographics of femoral hernias

A

More common in women, 40% present as emergencies

38
Q

What level do gonads form at?

A

T10

39
Q

Gubernaculum

A

Connects gonads to future scrotal swelling (or uterus in females)

40
Q

Processus vaginalis

A

Evagination of peritoneal cavity

41
Q

Spermatic cord contents

A
  1. Vas deferens
  2. Testicular A/V
  3. Pampiniform plexus
  4. Gonadal N’s
  5. LNs
42
Q

Scrotum and testes lymph drainage

A

Scrotum -> superficial inguinal LNs

Testes -> lumbar and pre-aortic LNs

43
Q

Cryptorchid testis

A

Undescended testis -> increased risk of testicular CA

44
Q

Persistent processus vaginalis

A

Patent connection between tunica vaginalis and abdomen

45
Q

Hydrocele

A

Peritoneal fluid accumulation within tunica vaginalis

46
Q

How to detect a hydrocele

A

Transillumination: if light passes thru -> hydrocele instead of hematocele

47
Q

Hematocele

A

Blood accumulation in tunica vaginalis

GIGU Exam 1 (22 decks)

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