Extra Info Flashcards
What are molecules that influence the rates of chemical reactions but are not consumed in the process
Catalysts
What is a chemical bond between atoms that shares electrons
Covalent
The attraction of positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end is called what?
Hydrogen bond
What are positively charged ions?
Cations
What are negatively charged ions
Anions
what are chemicals that resist PH change
Buffers
Solutions with more hydrogen ions that hydroxide ions are considered what
Acidic pH values less than 7.0
Solutions with fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions are what
Basic (alkaline) pH greater than 7
What are some inorganic molecules
Water. Oxygen. Carbon dioxide.
What is the main difference between organic and inorganic substances.
Inorganic dissolve in water and disassociate, forming ions. Organic mostly dissolve in alcohol, the ones that do dissolve in water don’t realize ions.
What is a polysaccharide abundant in plants?
Cellulose
What do humans synthesize that is similar to starch?
Glycogen
What are the building blocks of fat molecules?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is fatty acids is when single carbon atoms bind as many hydrogen atoms as possible?
Saturated
What’s the difference between saturated and Unsaturated fats
Saturated are more abundant in fatty solid food. Unsaturated are in foods that are liquid at too temp.
What are the most heart healthy fats
Monounsaturated
What process produces trans fats
Hydrogenation
What proteins carry oxygen in the blood and muscles
Hemoglobin and myoglobin
What are enzymes
Catalysts in living systems; speed chemical rearixons without being consumed
What lipid is connected by 4 rings of carbon?
Steroids is
What lipid is three fatty acid molecules bound to a glycerol molecule
Triglycerides
What is the name given to cells with nuclei
Eukaryotic “true nucleus”
What name is given to cells of bacteria
Prokaryotic
Name some biochemical reactions from peroxisomes
Synthesis of vile acids in fat disgetion. Breakdown of lipids called very long cabin fatty acids. Degradation of rare biochemicals. Detox of alcohol. Form phospholipids of nervous system
When can diffusion only occur
If the cell membrane is permeable to that substance and a concentration gradient exists such that the substance is at a higher concentration on one side of the membrane or the other
What form of movement through the cell does HIV use
Transcytosis
