Chapter 5- Tissue Flashcards
What are cells organized into?
Tissue
What connect cell membranes to each other
Intercellular junctions
What junction is where the membranes of adjacent cells converge and fuse with the area of fusion surrounding the cells like a belt
Tight junction- sheetlike layers line the inside of digestive tract and blood vessels in brain
What junction has rivets or spot welds adjacent to skin cells, forming a reinforced structural unit
Desmosomes
What junctions are tubular channels that allow ions, nutrients, and other small molecules to move between the cells
Gap junctions- like a pore ( heart muscle and muscles of digestive tract)
What are the 4 major tissues
Epithelial muscle nervous connective
What tissues are found theought body surface and forms the under lining of body cavities, hollow organs and composes glands
Epithelial
What does epithelial tissue always have that is exposed to outside or internal open space
Apical surface
What thin layer anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue
Basement membrane
What do epithelial tissues lack
Blood vessel, nutrients diffuse from connective tissues
What are characteristics of epithelial
Lack blood vessels. Cells readily divide (faster healing time) cells tightly packed( form effective barriers.)
Describe simple epithelial
One layer main function - absorption and filtration
Desribe stratified epithelial
More than one layer
Describe squamous
Thin, flattened cells, scalelike
Describes cuboidal epithelial
Cubelike cells
Describe columnar
Cells are elongated, taller than wide
What tissue is composed of a single layer of thin flattened cells that fit tightly together to form the air sacs of the lungs and walls of capillaries
Simple squamous epithelium
Where does diffusion and filtration occur for the body?
Capillaries
What tissue is composed of a single layer of cube shaped cells with centrally located spherical nuclei?
Simple cuboidal ex: garden hose
What tissue lines kidney tubules
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What function does simple cuboidal serve in the kidneys
Tubular secretion and reabsorption
What tissue is composed of a single layer of elongated cells with nuclei near the basement membrane
Simple columnar
Where is nonciliated simple columnar tissue found
Lining of uterus and intestines
Cells specialized for absorption typically have many cylindrical process extending from their free surfaces called what and that increase the surface area of the cells?
Microvilli
What secrete a protective tissue flies called mucus into the free surface of simple columnar epithelial tissue
Goblet cells
What tissue appear layered or stratified but are not
Pseudostratifies columnar epithelial
Where are pseudostratifies tissue located
Nasal cavity and bronchial tree
Goblet cells scattered throughout what tissue secret Mucus which the cilia sweep away
Pseudostratified
In what tissue types does cell division occur
Cuboidal and columnar( deeper layers)
What tissue is composed of several layers of cells; top cells flattened while deeper cells consist of cuboidal and columnar where cell division occurs
Stratified squamous epithelium
As older cells are pushed outward they accumulate proteins called keratins, then harden and die. What is the dead layer called?
Stratum cornea
Where is stratified squamous epithelium located
Esophagus and epidermis
What tissue consists of two or three layers of cuboidal cells that form the lining of the lumen?
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
What tissue lines the ducts of mammary, sweat and salivary glands
Stratified cuboidal
Where is stratified columnar epithelium found
Vas deferns and male urethra and pharynx (throat)
What tissue is specialized to change in response to increased tension
Transitional epithelium
Where is transitional epithelium found
Urinary bladder ureters
What tissue have cells specialized to produce or secret substances
Glandular
What secretion are endocrine glands responsible for
Hormones
What glands secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood
Endocrine
What glands secrete their products into ducts that open to some internal or external surfaces
Exocrine
What exocrine type of gland consists of a single epithelial cell (goblet cell)
Simple gland
What type of exocrine gland has a branches duct
Compound gland
Exocrine glands that consist of epithelial lined tubes are called what
Tubular glands
Exocrine glands that’s terminal ends form saclike dilations are called what
Aleveolar
Describe the breakdown classification of exocrine glands
Simple or compound-> tubular or alveolar->coiling or branching
Glands that realease fluid products by exocytosis are what
Merocrine
Glands that loss small portions of their glandular cell bodies during secretion are called what
Apocrine
Glands that realize entire cells are called what
Holocrine
How can meroceine glands be subclassifiies
By their secretion of serous or mucus fluid
Describe serous cells
Secrete watery fluid, has a high concentration of enzymes called serous fluid. Commonly associated with visceral and parietal membranes
Describe mucous cells in meroceine glands
Secrete thick fluid called mucus, a substance rich in the glycoproteins mucin
Where’s is mucus found
Oral cavity, nasal cavity and intestines
Where are apocrine glands found
Mammary glands, ceremonious glands( earwax)
Where do Holocrine glands found
Hair( sebum), sebaceous glands of skin
