Chapter 4 Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

What is anabolism

A

Small molecules are built into larger ones; requires energy.

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2
Q

What is catabolism

A

Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones; releases energy

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3
Q

What type of anabolism makes glycogen, fat, protein, and nucleus acids

A

Dehydration synthesis

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4
Q

What type of catabolism uses water to break down molecules. And breaks down disaccharides, carbs, fats, proteins, and nuclei acids

A

Hydrolysis

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5
Q

What is a substrate

A

Molecule on which an enzyme acts

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6
Q

Describe how an enzyme interacts with its substrate

A

Each type of enzyme had a different substrate. The shape of an enzyme molecule allows it to identify its substrate. An enzymes polypeptide chain twists and could into a unique 3-D conformation that fits the particular shape of its substrate molecule.

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7
Q

Describe active site

A

It’s part of an enzyme substrate complex. The interaction strains chemical bonds in the substance in a way that makes a particular chemical reaction more likely to occur. Afterwards, the enzyme is released in its original form and able to bind another substrate molecule

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8
Q

What are the steps of enzyme catalysis

A

Substrate+enzyme&raquo_space;enzyme-substrate complex»product+enzyme

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9
Q

Define cofactor and coenzymes

A

Cofactors and coenzymes- non protein component that is bound to an inactive enzyme to help the active site attain its appropriate shape or help bind the enzyme to its substrate.

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10
Q

What are ions of elements

A

Cofactors

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11
Q

What are small organic molecules ; often composed of vitamin molecules or incorporate altered forms of vitamin molecules into their structures

A

Coenzymes

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12
Q

What reactions don’t need oxygen (glycolysis)

A

Anaerobic

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13
Q

What reactions require oxygen (citric acid cycle and electron transport chain)

A

Aerobic

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14
Q

What is when carrier molecules and enzymes extract energy and store it as ATP, releasing water and heat

A

Electron transport chain

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15
Q

What is when glucose molecules are broken down into pyrrhic acid

A

Glycolysis

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16
Q

What is when pyruvic acid molecules enter mitonchondria, where CO2 and high energy electrons are released

A

Citric acid cycle