Chapter 4 Review Questions Flashcards
What is when smaller molecules are built into larger one; requires energy. And process all the materials a cell requires for maintenance growth and repair
Anabolism
What is when larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones: releasing energy
Catabolism
What type of anabolism joins many simple sugar molecules to form larger molecules of glycogen, which store energy in their chemical bonds
Dehydration synthesis
What uses water to break down molecules- type of catabolism
Hydrolysis
What is a molecule on which an enzyme acts
Substrate
Does each type of enzyme have a different substrate
Yes
How does the shape of an enzyme molecule aid it?
It allows it to identify its substrate
How does an enzymes polypeptide chain fit the particular shape of its substrate
By twisting and fouling into a unique 3-D conformation
What is the part of an enzyme that temporarily binds a substrate
Active site
How does negative feedback involving a rate limiting enzyme control a metabolic pathway
Accumulating product inhibits the pathway, and synthesis of the product falls. When the concentration of the product decrease, the inhibition lifts and more product is synthesized. In this way a single enzyme can control a whole pathway, stabilizing the rate of product formation.
What helps the active site fold into its appropriate conformation or helps bind the enzyme to its substrate
Cofactors
What may a cofactor be
And ion of an element, or a small organic molecule called a coenzyme
What are small organic molecules; often composed of vitamin molecules or incorporate altered forms of vitamin molecules
Coenzymes
What reactions such as glycolysis don’t need oxygen
Anaerobic
What reactions such as the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain require oxygen
Aerobic
