Chapter 10 Flashcards
What are specialized to react to physical and chemical changes in their surroundings
Neurons
What Small cellular process on neurons receive the input?
Dendrites
What long process on neurons carries information away from the cell in the form of bioelctrical signals
Axon
What are the biolelectrical signals called that allow a neuron to communicate with other neurons and cells
Impulses
In the PNS bundles of axons are called what
Nerves
In the CNS bundles of axons are called what
Tracts
What functions do neuroglia have
Nourishing neurons and sending and receiving chemical messages
What is the small space between and neuron with which it communicates
Synapse
What biological messenger molecules convey neural information
Neurotransmitters
What does the CNS consist of
Brain and spinal cord
What does the PNS consist of
Cranial and spinal nerves
True or false the peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to other body parts
True
What are the three functions of the nervous system
Sensory, integrative, motor
What structures are at the ends of neurons in the PNS that provide sensory function of the nervous system
Sensory receptors
What do sensory receptors monitor?
Light and sound intensities, temperatures, oxygen concentrations and other internal body conditions for
neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to what responsive structures?
Effectors
What carry out motor functions of the nervous system
Effectors
The motor portion of the PNS can be divided into what two groups
Somatic and autonomic
What does the somatic nervous system consist of
Communicating voluntary instructions from the CNS to skeletal muscles, causing contraction
What does the autonomic system do
Communicates instructions from the CNS that control viscera, such as heart and various glands, therefore causing involuntary subconscious actions
What network of fine filaments enters into the axon and support it
Neurofilaments
What membraneous packets of chromatophiliac substance are scattered theought the cytoplasm of a neuron
Nissl bodies
What structures are highly beached providing receptive surfaces with which process from other neurons communicate
Dendrites
True or false: a neuron may have many dendrites but no more than one axon
True
In neurons the axon rises from the cell body as a cone shaped thickening called what
Axon hillock
What are branches the neuronal axon give off
Collaterals
What axons have myelin sheaths
Myelinated
What color do myelinated nerve fibers appear
White
In the PNS what produce myelin
Schwann cells
In the CNS what produces myelin
Oligodendrocytes
Most cell bodies within the brain or spinal cord have what type of neuron
Multipolar
What are specialized masses of nerve tissue located outside the brain and spinal cord
Ganglia
What neurons type is found in the eyes nose and ears
Bipolar
What part of the neuron has rough endoplasmic reticulum
Chromatophiliac substance
What part of the neuron is highly branches with multiple processes that have spines
Dendrites
True or false: in the PNS Schwann cells aren’t wound around the axons but form a groove or valley in which the axon sits
True
What neurons conduct impulses from peripheral bodies into the brain or spinal cord
Sensory or afferent
What neurons within the brain or spinal cord Relay information from one part of he brain to another
Interneurons (associations or internuncial)
What neurons conduct impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors
Motor (efferent
What neuralgia in the CNS are star shaped and provide support and hold structures together, form scar tissue, etc
Astrocytes
What neuroglia in the CNS myelinate acons in the brain and spinal cord
Oligrodendrocytes
What neuroglia of the CNS support neurons and phagocytize bacterial and cellular debris
Microglial
What neuroglia of the CNS form the inner lining of the central canal in the spinal cord
Ependyma
Ependymal cells form the inside spaces of the brain called what
Ventricles
What neuroglia of the PNS provide nutritional support and help regulate the concentrations of ions around neurons cell bodies within ganglias
Satellite cells
What happens when the gap of an injured peripheral nerve exceeds 3 millimeters
The axons may not line up and form a neuroma, which is composed is sensory axons and is painfully sensitive to pressure
In an adult brain neural stem cells are in a region called what
Dentate gurus near the fluid filled ventricles
What is the presynaptic neuron
The neuron carrying an impulse to the synapse
What is the neuron receiving the input at the synapse
Postsynaptic neuron
What is the process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neurons signals the postsynaptic cleft
Synaptic transmission
What ion diffuses into the synaptic knob triggering the release of neurotransmitter
Ca +2
