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Biology 225 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are specialized to react to physical and chemical changes in their surroundings

A

Neurons

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2
Q

What Small cellular process on neurons receive the input?

A

Dendrites

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3
Q

What long process on neurons carries information away from the cell in the form of bioelctrical signals

A

Axon

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4
Q

What are the biolelectrical signals called that allow a neuron to communicate with other neurons and cells

A

Impulses

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5
Q

In the PNS bundles of axons are called what

A

Nerves

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6
Q

In the CNS bundles of axons are called what

A

Tracts

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7
Q

What functions do neuroglia have

A

Nourishing neurons and sending and receiving chemical messages

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8
Q

What is the small space between and neuron with which it communicates

A

Synapse

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9
Q

What biological messenger molecules convey neural information

A

Neurotransmitters

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10
Q

What does the CNS consist of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

What does the PNS consist of

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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12
Q

True or false the peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to other body parts

A

True

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13
Q

What are the three functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory, integrative, motor

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14
Q

What structures are at the ends of neurons in the PNS that provide sensory function of the nervous system

A

Sensory receptors

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15
Q

What do sensory receptors monitor?

A

Light and sound intensities, temperatures, oxygen concentrations and other internal body conditions for

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16
Q

neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to what responsive structures?

A

Effectors

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17
Q

What carry out motor functions of the nervous system

A

Effectors

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18
Q

The motor portion of the PNS can be divided into what two groups

A

Somatic and autonomic

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19
Q

What does the somatic nervous system consist of

A

Communicating voluntary instructions from the CNS to skeletal muscles, causing contraction

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20
Q

What does the autonomic system do

A

Communicates instructions from the CNS that control viscera, such as heart and various glands, therefore causing involuntary subconscious actions

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21
Q

What network of fine filaments enters into the axon and support it

A

Neurofilaments

22
Q

What membraneous packets of chromatophiliac substance are scattered theought the cytoplasm of a neuron

A

Nissl bodies

23
Q

What structures are highly beached providing receptive surfaces with which process from other neurons communicate

A

Dendrites

24
Q

True or false: a neuron may have many dendrites but no more than one axon

A

True

25
Q

In neurons the axon rises from the cell body as a cone shaped thickening called what

A

Axon hillock

26
Q

What are branches the neuronal axon give off

A

Collaterals

27
Q

What axons have myelin sheaths

A

Myelinated

28
Q

What color do myelinated nerve fibers appear

A

White

29
Q

In the PNS what produce myelin

A

Schwann cells

30
Q

In the CNS what produces myelin

A

Oligodendrocytes

31
Q

Most cell bodies within the brain or spinal cord have what type of neuron

A

Multipolar

32
Q

What are specialized masses of nerve tissue located outside the brain and spinal cord

A

Ganglia

33
Q

What neurons type is found in the eyes nose and ears

A

Bipolar

34
Q

What part of the neuron has rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Chromatophiliac substance

35
Q

What part of the neuron is highly branches with multiple processes that have spines

A

Dendrites

36
Q

True or false: in the PNS Schwann cells aren’t wound around the axons but form a groove or valley in which the axon sits

A

True

37
Q

What neurons conduct impulses from peripheral bodies into the brain or spinal cord

A

Sensory or afferent

38
Q

What neurons within the brain or spinal cord Relay information from one part of he brain to another

A

Interneurons (associations or internuncial)

39
Q

What neurons conduct impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors

A

Motor (efferent

40
Q

What neuralgia in the CNS are star shaped and provide support and hold structures together, form scar tissue, etc

A

Astrocytes

41
Q

What neuroglia in the CNS myelinate acons in the brain and spinal cord

A

Oligrodendrocytes

42
Q

What neuroglia of the CNS support neurons and phagocytize bacterial and cellular debris

A

Microglial

43
Q

What neuroglia of the CNS form the inner lining of the central canal in the spinal cord

A

Ependyma

44
Q

Ependymal cells form the inside spaces of the brain called what

A

Ventricles

45
Q

What neuroglia of the PNS provide nutritional support and help regulate the concentrations of ions around neurons cell bodies within ganglias

A

Satellite cells

46
Q

What happens when the gap of an injured peripheral nerve exceeds 3 millimeters

A

The axons may not line up and form a neuroma, which is composed is sensory axons and is painfully sensitive to pressure

47
Q

In an adult brain neural stem cells are in a region called what

A

Dentate gurus near the fluid filled ventricles

48
Q

What is the presynaptic neuron

A

The neuron carrying an impulse to the synapse

49
Q

What is the neuron receiving the input at the synapse

A

Postsynaptic neuron

50
Q

What is the process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neurons signals the postsynaptic cleft

A

Synaptic transmission

51
Q

What ion diffuses into the synaptic knob triggering the release of neurotransmitter

A

Ca +2

Biology 225 (24 decks)

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