Chapter 7 Questions Flashcards
What are the effects of thyroid and sex hormones on bone development and growth
Thyroid hormones stimulate replacement of cartilage in the epiphyseal plates of long bones with bone tissue. Sex hormones stimulate ossification of epiphyseal plates and stop bone growth.
What are fontanels; what’s their significance?
They permit some movement between the bones so that the developing skull is partially compressible and can change shape for birth. Soft spots on babies head
Describe a typical vertebrae
Body, Pedicles, laminae, spinous process, vertebral arch, vertebral foramen, transverse process, superior and inferior articulate processes, intervertebral foramina
What part of the vertebra is drum shaped and forms the thick anterior portion of the bone that support the weight of head and trunk
Body
What part of vertebra projects posteriorly from the body and the forms the sides of the vertebral foramen
Pedicles
What part of the vertebra are plates that arise from the Pedicles and fuse in the back
Laminae
What forms as a result of the laminae fusing
Spinous process
What is the bony arch comprised of Pedicles, laminae and spinous process that forms around the vertebral foramen
Vertebral arch
What is the opening that the spinal cord passes through
Vertebral foramen
What is the projection from each side between the Pedicles and laminae
Transverse process
What project upward and downward from each vertebral arch
Superior and inferior articulate processes
What are openings formed by notches on the lower surfaces of the vertebral Pedicles that align with adjacent vertebrae; and provides passengers for spinal nerves
Intervertebral formina
What vertebrae have bifid (forked) spinous processes; and the transverse processes have transverse foramina that leases way for arteries into the brain?
Cervical
What vertebrae compose the axis of the neck
Seven cervical
What cervical vertebrae is the first that supports the head
Atlas
What second cervical Vertebra allows the head to turn from side to side
Axis
What vertebrae have long pointed spinous processes sloping downward; facets in the side that articulate with ribs?
Thoracic
What vertebrae have large bodies that are short with stubby spinous processes
Lumbar
What is the triangular structure at the base of the vertebral column
Sacrum
What is the lowest part of the vertebral column
Coccyx
What does the thoracic cage include
Ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, costal cartilages that attach ribs to sternum
What are the three parts of the sternum
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
What process forms the tip of the shoulder
Acromion
What process provides attachments for upper limb and chest muscles
Coracoid
What cavity articulates with the head of the arm bone
Glenoid
Where does the capitulum of the humerus articulate with the radius?
Elbow
What does the trochlea of the humerus join?
Ulna
What depression receives a process of the ulna( coronoid process) when the elbow bends
Coronoid fossa
What depression receives the olecranon process when the elbow straightens
Olecranon fossa
What is the largest most superior portion of the hips bone
Ilium
What’s the lowest of the hip bone
Ischium
Extra digits inherited trait?
Polydactyl
Coronoid process
Ulna and mandible
Cribiform plate
Ehtmoid bone
Foramen magnum
Occipital bone
Mastoid process
Temporal bone
Palatine process
Maxilla
Sells turica
Sphenoid bone
Supra orbital notch
Frontal bone
Temporal process
Zygomatic bone
Acromion process
Scapula
Deltoid tuberosuty
Humerus
Grater trochanter
Femur
Lateral malleolus
Fibula
Medial malleolus
Tibia
Olecranon process
Ulna
Radial tuberosity
Radius
Xiphoid process
Sternum
What is the largest foot bone out of talus, tarsal, and calceneus
Calcaneus
The bones of the upper arm are classified as what
Long
The area of a bone that produces most the hematopoietic tissue is what
Bone marrow
The frontal bone develops by what
Intramembranous ossification
What is the final stage of healing following a fracture
Formation of granulation tissue
What represent microscopic channels that were formed by blood vessels in the bone
Canaliculi
Most of the Skelton in an embryo is what what tissue
Cartilage
Where is the primary ossification center of long bones
Epiphyses
What bone have sinuses
Ehtmoid, sphenoid, frontal
What bone has the mandibulae fossa
Temporal
Vitamin D defiency in an adult causes the condition known as
Osteomaalacia
What allows a bone to increase its diameter
Periosteum
Articulate ends of long bones have what tissue
Hyaline
Spongy bones has a porous matrix of cells called what
Trabeculae
What vitamin moves calcium through a cell membrane
D
What vitamin is responsible for normal growth
A
