Extra Crap Flashcards
Variance
like range, but better, says how spread out things are
Omission training
a specific form of punishment in which a positive event is withdrawn contingent on the occurrence of a target behavior
Ex-post-facto study
study examining how an independent variable, present prior to the study in the participants, affects a dependent variable
Kohler
insight experiments with apes
Neuroleptics
anti-psychotics
Kinefielter
genotype XXY, intersex with little side effects (and no cure) other than infertility
Episodic memory
memory of autobiographical events (times, places, associated emotions, and other contextual who, what, when, where, why knowledge) that can be explicitly stated or conjured. It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.
Approach-approach
choosing a good thing vs another good thing
PKU (Phenylketonuria)
is a rare inherited disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in your body, can be controlled by diet
Psychogenic amnesia
also known as functional amnesia or dissociative amnesia, is a disorder characterized by abnormal memory functioning in the absence of structural brain damage or a known neurobiological cause (indicates dissociative disorder)
Somatic therapist
incorporates a person’s mind, body, spirit, and emotions in the healing process. Proponents of this type of therapy believe a person’s thoughts, attitudes, feelings, and beliefs can have an impact on physical functioning, while physical factors such as diet, exercise, and posture may positively or negatively affect a person’s mental and emotional state
Stable attribution
when people infer that an event or behavior is due to unchanging, permanent factors
Compliance strategy
Compliance refers to a response—specifically, a submission—made in reaction to a request. The request may be explicit (i.e., foot-in-the-door technique) or implicit (i.e., advertising). The target may or may not recognize that he or she is being urged to act in a particular way.
Semantic memory
a portion of long-term memory that processes ideas and concepts that are not drawn from personal experience. Semantic memory includes things that are common knowledge, such as the names of colors, the sounds of letters, the capitals of countries and other basic facts
Eidetic memory
the ability to recall images with vividness bordering on actual visual perception; total recall; also called photographic memory.
Theory X
people work for extrinsic reasons – in other words, money! This theory is linked to management and leadership, and assumes that workers are lazy, selfish, and generally sloppy at their work.
Theory Y
people are motivated for intrinsic reasons as opposed to extrinsic reasons. What this means is that they are working for reasons that go well beyond money and include reasons such as feeling satisfied with themsleves, increasing self esteem, helping others, etc.
Contralateral control
contralateral is a term that references the opposite side of something. … It is usually used in regards to the opposite side of the body from which something occurs. The hemispheres of the brain control the contralateral sides of the body
Counterbalancing
Counterbalancing is a type of experimental design in which all possible orders of presenting the variables are included. For example, if you have two groups of participants (group 1 and group 2) and two levels of an independent variable (level 1 and level 2), you would present one possible order (group 1 gets level 1 while group 2 gets level 2) first and then present the opposite order (group 1 gets level 2 while group 2 gets level 1)
Hawthorne effect
the alteration of behavior by the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed
Stratified sample
a sample that is drawn from a number of separate strata of the population, rather than at random from the whole population, in order that it should be representative.
Z score
indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean
Instrumental learning
another term for operant conditioning
Chaining
in operant conditioning, preforming a number of responses successively in order to get a reward (run through obstacle course) (link behaviors into more complex one)
What happens when you destroy the lateral hypothalamus?
since it is the hunger center, loss of appetite
What happens when you destroy the ventromedial hypothalamus?
since it is the satiety center, constant eating/hunger
Moro reflex in babies
when started, fling out limbs and quickly retract them
Babinski in babies
when the foot is stroked, they will spread their toes
Womb envy
(of men) jealousy of women’s reproductive capabilities
Somatotype theory
three body types (endomorphs-fat, mesomorphs-muscular, and ectomorphs-thin) associated three personalities
Psychometrician
people that make tests
Neologisms
making up your own words (schizo)
Clang associations
stringing together a series of nonsense words that rhyme (schizo)
Waxy flexibility
allow your body to be moved and then hold that new pose (schizo)
Diathesis-stress model
environmental stressors can provide the circumstances under which a biological predisposition for illness can express itself
Trephining
drilling holes into the skull in order to release harmful spirits
Pluralistic ignorance
people decide what constitutes appropriate behavior by looking to others
Door-in-the-face
ask for a crazy large request, then what you really want (smaller request)
Criterion-Concurrent Validity
the results of the test correspond to those of a previous test
Criterion-Predictive Validity
predicts what it is supposed to predict
Holophrase
prelinguistic use of a single word to express a complex idea
Systems approach
uses complex systems to explore behavior patterns and human experience (like family therapy)
Attitudinal coherence
the extent to which an attitude is internally consistent
Peristalsis
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward
Timbre
the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound, or tone that distinguishes different types of sound production
Opponent-process theory of emotions
when one emotion is experienced, the other is suppressed (also, when there are repetitions of an emotion arousing event, the opposite is stronger)
Contingency model
different leadership styles work best in different situations
Homothetic
studying large group trends
Idiographic
studying small groups of people
Anchoring effect
a cognitive bias that describes the common human tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information offered (the “anchor”) when making decisions
