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Anatomy > External Brain > Flashcards

External Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 constituents of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain Pons Medulla

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2
Q

Brainstem matter organisation?

A

Grey in and white out

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3
Q

Medulla - develops from? continues as? emerging CNs? connected to?

A

Hindbrain Spinal cord via the foramen magnum IX, X, XI and XII Cerebellum

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4
Q

Pons - develops from? connected to? emerging CNs?

A

Metencephalon Cerebellum V, VI, VII and VIII

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5
Q

Midbrain - develops from? connects the? central cavity? emerging CNs? surface features?

A

Mesencephalon Connects the pons and cerebellum to forebrain via the tentorium cerebelli Cerebral aqueduct III and IV (posteriorly) Cerebral peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle

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6
Q

Cerebellum - matter organisation? separating lobes? connection via?

A

Grey in and white out Vermis Peduncles

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7
Q

Cerebellum - information from? function? sending info? abnormaility?

A

Info from motor intention of brain, ipsilateral proprioceptors from periphery and vestibular nuclei (posture and balance) (posture and fine motor control) Sends blueprint to cerebral cortex (via superior cerebellar peduncle) Abnormality causing ataxia (incoordination)

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8
Q

Sulcus?

A

Dip

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9
Q

Gyrus?

A

Elevation

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10
Q

Fissure?

A

Larger dip

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11
Q

Median longitudinal fissure?

A

Split the 2 hemispheres

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12
Q

Corpus callosum?

A

Connect the 2 hemispheres together

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13
Q

Topography of the Brain - name the 4 lobes? name the 2 sulci? name the 2 main gyri?

A
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14
Q

Sagittal section of the brain - main gyrus? main fissure? main sulcus? connector?

A
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15
Q

Name the 4 main lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, Pariteal, Temporal and Occipital

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16
Q

Frontal - function?

A

Motor function and intellect

17
Q

Parietal - function?

A

Somatosensory

18
Q

Occipital - function?

A

Vision

19
Q

Temporal - function?

A

Hearing and smell

20
Q

Frontal lobe - Area 4? Area 6? Area 8? Area44/45?

A

Area 4 - precentral gyrus is the Primary Motor Cortex - somatotopic representation of contralateral half of body (motor)

Area 6 - Premotor Cortex - bilateral representation

Area 8 - middle frontal gyrus - Frontal Eye Field - oluntary conjugate deviation of eyes

Area 44/45 - inferior frontal gyrus - Broca’s Area of Motor Speech

Prefrontal cortex - cognitive, function of higher intelect, judgement, prediction and planning

21
Q

Parietal lobe - Area 3/1/2? superior pariteal lobule? inferior parietal lobule?

A

Area 3/1/2 - Post-central gyrus - Primary Sensory Area - recieves general sensation from contralateral half of body (sensory)

Superior parietal lobule - intepretation of general sensory information and conscious awareness of contra half of body

Inferior parietal lobule - interface between somatosensotry cortex, visual and auditory assocation area (language functions)

22
Q

Temporal lobe - Area 41/41? Auditory assocaition area? Inferior surface?

A

Area 41/42 - superior temporal gyrus - Primary Auditory Cortex - (Heschl’s convulutions)

Auditory assocations areas - dominant hemisphere (Wernicke’s area) Understanding spoken word

Inferior surface - info from olfactory tract (smell)

23
Q

Occipital lobe - Area 17? Area 18/19?

A

Area 17 - found on either side of calcarine sulcus - Primary Visual Cortex

Area 18/19 - Visual Association Cortex - interpretation of visual images

24
Q

Limbic lobe - composed of? function?

A

Cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and the amygdala

Involved in memory and emotion

25
Q

Language areas - Broca’s (aphasia)? Wernicke’s (aphasia)? Aphasia (damage)?

A

Broca’s is the motor speech area (Aphasia - frontal lobe, miss small words wth weakness of one side of body)

Wernicke’s is the auditory assocaiton area for recognition of spoken speech (fleunt speech with meaningless words, can’t understand, temporal lobe wth no paralysis)

Aphasia - problem with speech damage in speech area

26
Q

Cranial nerve origins?

A
27
Q

Arterial supply to the brain?

A

2 ICA supply the brain

2 Vertebral supply the brain

28
Q

Circle of Willis - name the 8 main vessels?

A

Vertebral artery

Anterior spinal artery

Basilar artery

Posterior cerebral artery

Posterior communicating artery

Interal carotid artery

Anterior communcating artery

Anterior cerebral artery

29
Q

Name the 3 main branches of the ICA?

A

Anterior cerebral

Middle cerebal

Posterior communicating

30
Q

Vertebral arteries - branches?

A

Join together to form the basilar artery

Supply brainstem and cerebellum

Divide into 2 posterior cerebral arerties supplying the cerebral hemisphere

Anatomy (17 decks)

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