Larynx and Pharynx

Question 1

Name the 3 compartments of the pharynx?

Answer 1

Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 2

Nasopharynx - function? pharyngeal tonsils? pharyngotympanic tube (connection?)

Answer 2

Respiratory

between tympanic cavity and nasopharynx

Question 3

Oropharynx - function? soft palate? palatine tonsils?

Answer 3

Digestive

Tonsilitis

Question 4

Name the constituents of Waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 4

Lingual tonsils
Adenoid tonsil
Palatine and tubal tonsils

Question 5

Laryngopharynx - piriform fossa defintion?

Answer 5

Small depression of the cavity (foreign body trapping)

Question 6

Name the 3 pharyngeal constrictors?

Answer 6

Superior
Middle
Inferior

Question 7

Superior constrictor - action?

innervation?

Answer 7

Constricts upper part of pharynx during swallowing

Pharyngeal branch of Vagus

Question 8

Middle constrictor - action? innervation?

Answer 8

Constricts the middle part of pharynx during swallowing

Pharyngeal branch of Vagus

Question 9

Inferior constrictor - 2 parts? innervation?

Answer 9

Thyropharyngeus - constricts lower pharynx
Cricopharynx - oesophageal sphincter (prevents influx and reflux)
Pharyngeal branch of Vagus

Question 10

Name the 3 internal layers of pharyngeal muscles?

Answer 10

Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharynegus

Question 11

Palatopharyngeus - action? innervation?

Answer 11

Pull pharynx up and forwards

Pharyngeal branch of Vagus

Question 12

Salpingopharyngeus - action? innervation?

Answer 12

Elevate the pharynx

Pharyngeal branch of Vagus

Question 13

Stylopharyngeus - action? innervation?

Answer 13

Elevate the pharynx

Glossopharyngeal

Question 14

Name the 4 stages of swallowing and the associated muscles?

Answer 14

I and II muscles of the tongue and soft palate
III soft palate elevates, pharynx widens and elevates the larynx
IV contraction of all the 3 constrictor muscles

Question 15

Gag reflex - afferent and efferent limb innervation?

Answer 15

Afferent sensory: X

Efferent motor: IX

Question 16

Larynx - function?

Answer 16

Respiratory and speech

Question 17

Name the structures of the larynx?

Answer 17

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Hyoid bone
Arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Vocal folds

Question 18

Name the vocal apparatus of the larynx?

Answer 18

Glottis

Question 19

Vocal folds and vestibular folds?

Answer 19

True

Fasle

Question 20

Forced inspiration - what occurs?

Answer 20

Vocal folds abducted and rima glottidis wide open

Vestibule open

Question 21

Phonation - what occurs?

Answer 21

Vocal folds adducted and stridulating as air is forced between them
Vestibule open

Question 22

Effort closure - what occurs?

Answer 22

Vocal folds and vestibular folds adducted

Rima glottidis and vestibule closed

Question 23

Swallowing - what occurs?

Answer 23

Laryngeal inlet and epiglottis swings down to arytenoids

Question 24

Sensory and motor supply of the larynx?

Answer 24

Sensory:
- internal laryngeal above vocal cords
- recurrent laryngeal below vocal cords
Motor:
- All intrinsic supplied by recurrent laryngeal (except cricothyroid)

Question 25

Name the 6 Intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 25

Aryepiglotticus muscle
Oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
Thyroarytenoid muscle
Cricothyroid muscle (external laryngeal)