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Nutrition > export_water soluble vitamins > Flashcards

export_water soluble vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Body reserves of water-soluble are more extensive than those of fat-soluble vitamins.

A

False. Water-soluble reserves are less

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2
Q

B vitamin deficiencies most typically occur as (multiple, single) vitamin deficiency, unlike fat-soluble vitamins.

A

multiple

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3
Q

Water-soluble vitamins have (higher, lower) toxicities than fat-soluble vitamins.

A

lower

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4
Q

T or F: Ruminants with a functional rumen do not require a dietary source of water-soluble vitamins and therefor do not have a “metabolic need” for water-soluble vitamins.

A

False; ruminants have a metabolic need

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5
Q

Vitamins important to central pathways of E metabolism

A

Niacin (B3), Riboflavin (B2), Thiamin (B1)

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6
Q

generic for nicotinic acid and nicotinamide

A

vitamin B3 (Niacin)

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7
Q

used in formation of pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and its phosphorylated form (NADP)

A

Niacin (B3)

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8
Q

NAD used in:

A

ADP-ribosylations of proteins; poly-ADP-ribosylated proteins function in DNA repair

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9
Q

Pharmacological niacin use

A

reduce plasma cholesterol and TG; “antilipolytic” effect = inhibits adipose release of lipid

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10
Q

Plant sources of Vit B

A

cereals, legumes, yeast; bran of cereals (brown vs white rice)

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11
Q

Some niacin is synth from essential AA:

A

tryptophan

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12
Q

“niacin equivalence”

A

tryptophan

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13
Q

T or F: Trptophan conversion to niacin is essential in cats.

A

False; negligible

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14
Q

Causes of niacin deficiency

A

poor diets and condidtions affecting tryptophan-niacin conversion

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15
Q

Signs of Niacin deficiency (3 Ds)

A

dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

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16
Q

dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia are signs of:

A

vitamin B3 deficiency

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17
Q

“Loading test” results - nicotinamide amount recovered in urine after an oral load of nicotinamide

A

vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency

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18
Q

Used in formation of “flavocoenzymes” (FAD and FMN)

A

riboflavin (B2)

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19
Q

Plant sources of riboflavin

A

green vegetables, not cereals;

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20
Q

effect of UV light on riboflavin

A

Riboflavin inactivated by UV light

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21
Q

Substantial milk secretion occurs

A

riboflavin absorption and metabolism

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22
Q

Causes of riboflavin deficiency

A

when grain is major source of food

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23
Q

Signs of B2 deficiency

A

growth problems, skin problems, eye problems, anemia, neuropathy

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24
Q

“Enzyme stimulation test” used for:

A

detecting vitamin B2 deficiency

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25
Q

Stimulation of reduction of oxidized glutathione by the erythrocyte enzyme ertyrocyte glutathione reductase in presence of FAD

A

Niacin deficiency

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26
Q

cofactor for catabolism of CHO and AA metabolism for E production

A

thiamin

27
Q

Causes of thiamin deficiency

A

cooking (destroyed by high temperature), thiaminases, agents that interfere with thiamin phosphorylation

28
Q

Enzymes that destroy thiamin in raw fish, bracken fern, and horse-tail

A

thiaminases

29
Q

Signs of B1 deficiency in Cats and dogs

A

reduced food intake, body weight loss, neuro changes

30
Q

Signs of B1 deficiency in horses

A

incoordination to the point of falling and bradycardia d/t cardiac irregularity

31
Q

Signs of B1 deficiency in cattle/sheep

A

neuro changes

32
Q

Erythrocyte transketolase enzyme stimulation test is used to diagnose:

A

Thiamin deficiency (B1)

33
Q

Vitamins of coenzymes important to AA metabolism

A

Folate, B12, B6, C

34
Q

Sources of folate

A

green leafy vegetables, lima beans, citrus fruits, meats

35
Q

Folate is concentrated in _____ where it is left over from _____.

A

RBC; erythropoesis

36
Q

reduced food intake, BW loss, neuro changes (pupillary dilation) VENTROFLEXION of head could be signs of

A

thiamin deficiency

37
Q

Methionine synthase is an enzyme dependent on:

A

B12

38
Q

Methyl carbon from folate is transferred to homocysteine to form methionine by

A

methionine synthase

39
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

large, hypochromic RBCs and deranged DNA synth in erythropoietic cells

40
Q

Megaloblastic anemia is a sign of

A

folate deficiency

41
Q

B12 is a cofactor of what 2 enzymes?

A

methionine synthase, methylmalonyl CoA mutase

42
Q

Fxn of methionine synthase

A

remethylates homocysteine; demtheylates reduced methylated folate, making folate available for coenzymes

43
Q

Methylmaolnyl CoA mutase

A

catalyzes conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA; conversion needed in metabolism of some FA and AA

44
Q

Folate main fxn

A

donating and receiving carbon units

45
Q

Sources of B12

A

gut bacteria, coprophagy, ruminal bacteria

46
Q

Synthesis of vitamin B12 requires

A

cobalt

47
Q

Animal sources of B12

A

meat, dairy

48
Q

Plant sources of B12

A

none

49
Q

Absorption of B12 occurs in

A

ileum

50
Q

“intrinsic factor” required for absorption of:

A

B12

51
Q

Intrinsic factor produced by:

A

gastric mucosa, pancreas, salivary gland

52
Q

Causes of B12 deficiency

A

low intake, maldigestion (disease), lacking vit B12 in methionine synthase

53
Q

Signs of B12 deficiency

A

megaloblastic anemia; neuro disease (similar to folate)

54
Q

Diagnosis of B12 deficiency

A

megaloblastic anemia; [B12]

55
Q

Vitamin C is synthesized from:

A

glucose

56
Q

Vitamin C main fxn

A

electron donor for enzymes;

57
Q

a 6-carbon “lactone”

A

vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

58
Q

Sources of vit C

A

fruits, vegetables; animal sources are POOR

59
Q

Least stable of all vitamins

A

vitamin C

60
Q

T or F: Dogs and cats do not require dietary vitamin C.

A

True

61
Q

Dehydroascrobic acid is:

A

part catbolized oxalic acid, a substrate of uroliths (kidney and bladder stones)

62
Q

Animals that require dietary vit C

A

primates, guinea pigs, some snakes and fish and birds

63
Q

Cause of vit C deficiency

A

low dietary intake

64
Q

Scurvy

A

human symptoms of vitamin C deficiency; SQ hemorrhages, joint pain, anorexia, edema, teeth loosening

Nutrition (13 decks)

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