export_neonatal Flashcards
Only source of nutrition in the early post-partum period
milk
the witholding of milk
weaning
T or F: During weaning, concentration of nutrients in solid food is greater than from milk.
True
Fast growing, short suckling-time species have (high, low) protein milk.
high
Arginine, methionine, and cysteine concentration in cat milk has much (higher, lower) concentration than cow’s milk.
higher
the first milk produced by the dam
colostrum
Colostrum has a greatly increased ______
immunoglobulin concentration
T or F: Mature milk no longer contains immunoglobulin.
False
Most abundant Immunoglobulin in colostrum
IgG
Colostrum immunoglobulins are specifically reactive against:
antigens of microorganisms to which the dam has been exposed and mounted and immune response
Intact immunoglobulin absorption only occurs during:
first 24-48 hours
Net effect of early postpartum ingestion of colostrum is:
transfer of immunoglobulins specific against potential pathogens to the neonate’s systemic circulation
T or F: Placental transfer of immunoglobulin is good in calves, lambs, and horses.
False; poor
Colostrum immunoglobulins are especially important for
postnatal infection resistance in these species
T or F: Milk from the dam is routinely unavailable for dairy calves retained as replacement heifers.
True
Cause for colostrum not being available for foals?
failure to sufficiently suckle and pre-mature lactation of the mare
Time for frozen colostrum collected from dams:
less than 1 years
why should colostrum come from dams exposed to same environment as offspring?
optimizes resistance against pathogens; cross-species colostrum is less than optimal
Thawing colostrum?
thaw slowly, not heated in microwave!
T or F: Milk replacers are formulated to meet previously determined nutrient requirements of the neonate.
False; are not formulated
The best proteins are those in milk, such as:
casein and whey proteins
T or F: Vegetable proteins are not well utilized by the neonate.
True
Best neonate CHO
milk sugars, lactose, glucose, galactose
Poorly utilized neonate CHO
non-milk sugars; sucrose and starches
T or F: Animal and vegetable fat are not successfully used in milk replacers.
False
Fat tolerance of neonate depends on
homogenization
Milk for puppies and kittens is (higher, lower) in protein than cow’s milk.
higher
Mare’s milk is (higher, lower) in fat and (higher, lower) in lactose than cow’s milk.
lower; higher
Milk for lambs should be (higher, lower) in fat than cow’s milk.
higher
____ supplies the only moisture that a neonate will receive
milk
Overfeeding of neonates will lead to:
GI upset
Most common sign of GI upset due to overfeeding
diarrhea
Overfeeding by _____% is suggested to cause diarrhea in puppies
25%
Tx for overfeeding of neonates?
milk should be diluted with water so that intake of water is maintained
Tx for kittens and puppies not suckling?
tube feeding
Milk feeding frequency increased and volume per feeding proportionally decreased under following conditions:
weak neonates and early post-partum, diarrhea, increase growth rate for earlier weaning
Milk intake should be reduced gradually to:
encourage water and dry diet consumption
T or F: The time of weaning should be based primarily on age.
False; the time of weaning should NOT be base primarily on age
