export_review of horse feeds Flashcards
Horses spend what percentage of their time grazing and browsing?
60-75%
Horses ingest what % of their BW in DM/day?
2-2.5%
Feeding dried hays and concentrates will result in (less, more) time eating per day?
less, about 40% of day
Natural feeds of horses is what % carbs?
80%
Natural feeds of horses is what % protein?
8-12%
Natural feeds of horses is what % of fat?
4-6%
Fermentation in horses occurs (after, before) stomach and small intestine.
after
Oral cavity function:
increase SA for SI enzymatic action and break down CHO for LI bacterial fermentation
T or F: Horses are constantly salivating, regardless of chewing.
False; salivate only when chewing
Purpose of saliva in horse?
lubricant for esophageal passage; NO ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
The equine stomach is ____% of GI capacity.
8%
Retention time for equine stomach
2-18 hours
Nonglandular region of equine stomach?
fundus
glandular region of equine stomach?
pylorus
Equine anterior pancreas secretes what in SI?
lipase, protease, amylase
Equine Microvilli in SI act to absorb?
monosaccharide, fat, AA, vitamins, minerals
Equine SI volume?
40-50 L (30% of total)
Equine Passage time for SI?
2-8 hours
Equine Volume capacity of LI?
100 L
Equine Transit time for LI?
around 50 hours
Equine LI ferments ____ to ____
CHO to VFA
Equine LI provide __% of ME?
30-50%
Equine LI absorbs ____L/day of water
80L/day
T or F: NPN is utilized efficiently in LI of equine.
False; NPN not utilized well
Bacterial B vitamins are absorbed where in equine GI?
LI
3 things that adequate equine nutrition depends on?
- what they need
- what is available to feed
- how much they can eat
Nutrients of concern in equine?
water, energy, protein, minerals, vitamins
Avg water intake of horses/day?
25L/day
Amount of Energy depends on:
physiologic state, environment, activity level, size
The majority of energy in horse feeds is provided by:
carbohydrates
Digestible Energy
Gross energy minus urine and GI gas
Which equine feed has the lowest energy density?
hulls and fibers
Which equine feed has highest energy density?
fat and oils
Don’t exceed ____% fat in diet for equine
20
> 50% of diet in horses should be:
forage (hay/pasture)
<50% of diet for horses should be:
grains
<20% of equine diet should be:
fat
CP analyzed by:
amount of Nitrogen in feed
baseline equine CP?
8-9%
CP % for equine lactation?
14-15%
Ca and P ratio for mature horses?
1.1:1 to 6:1
Ca and P ratio for growing horses?
1.1:1 to 3:1
Hyperkalemic periodic paresis caused by
increased K impairs conduction in heart; lower potassium (lower forage)
Selenium toxicity in equine:
skin/hoof problems
Selenium deficiency in equine:
white muscle disease
Best way to assess selenium status?
analyze feed
Maintenance Cu for eq?
10ppm
Gestation Cu for eq?
12.5 - 50 ppm
Weanling Cu for eq?
25ppm
T or F: Horses appear to be very tolerant of higher copper levels (unlike sheep).
True
Dark green forage should be high in what vitamins?
Vitamin A and Vitamin E
T or F: A horse at maintenance can survive without any grain.
True
Develop a feed recommendation using:
bodyweight, age and special needs, local feeds
Standard feed measurement in horse world?
1 qt (coffee can)
Flake of hay is approx ___lb
4 lb
a 1000lb horse can eat up to ___lb of food?
20lb (2%)
