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Nutrition > export_applied ruminant nutrition > Flashcards

export_applied ruminant nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Macrominerals

A

Calcium, Phosphorus, Mg, K, Sulfur, Na, Cl

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2
Q

Microminerals

A

Manganese, Cu, Zn, Iron, Selenium, Cobalt, iodine

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3
Q

most important microminerals in ruminant nutrition?

A

copper, zinc, selenium

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4
Q

Best and worse sources of Calcium for ruminants?

A

Best: legumes
Worse: Grass and corn

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5
Q

Importance of PTH

A

stimulates osteoclasts, increases Ca absorption from gut reabsorption from kidney

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6
Q

anti-PTH

A

calcitonin

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7
Q

Ruminant Calcium importance?

A

skeletal growth, muscle contraction, blood clotting, nerve impulses

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8
Q

Phosphorus importance in ruminants

A

skeletal growth, energy metabolism, production

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9
Q

T or F: Phosphorus is biologically active.

A

True

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10
Q

Phosphorus is high in:

A

concentrates (corn, grain, oats) and by-products

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11
Q

Environmental issues of Phosphorus

A

washed into rivers and lakes, increases algae production and consequences

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12
Q

Magnesium importance in ruminants

A

rumen cell fermentation, nerve conduction, skeletal growth

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13
Q

Inadequate levels of magnesium in ruminants can cause?

A

depressed fiber digestion (d/t poor rumen fermentation)

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14
Q

T or F: Diets high in K should also be increased in Mg due to potassium interference.

A

True

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15
Q

Lush, rapidly growing cereal grains are (high, low) in Mg.

A

low

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16
Q

Mg effect on PTH?

A

blunts PTH secretion when low

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17
Q

Imortance of K in ruminants?

A

maintains acid-base relationships, nerve impulses, co-factor in several enzyme systems

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18
Q

K is found high in:

A

crops fertilized with manure

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19
Q

K is found to be low in:

A

brewers and distillers grains (by-products)

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20
Q

Importance of sulfur for ruminants?

A

essential for synthesis of AAs by microbes and B vitamins thiamin and biotin

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21
Q

Which mineral is especially important when feeding NPN?

A

sulfur

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22
Q

Where is sulfur found in ruminant diet?

A

by-products and well-water

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23
Q

T or F: Ruminants are poor conservers of sodium and must be provided free choice and force fed.

A

False; ruminants conserve sodium well

24
Q

Microminerals are important for ________ response in ruminants.

A

immune

25
Q

Higher rainfall will result in (higher, lower) selenium.

A

lower

26
Q

Which minerals interfere with copper?

A

sulfur, iron, molybdenum, zinc

27
Q

Where do most B, C, and K vitamins come from for ruminants?

A

rumen microbes usually make most

28
Q

B12 will be adequate if _____ is supplemented.

A

Cobalt

29
Q

Importance of Vit B3 in ruminants?

A

enhances mobilization of fat

30
Q

High producing cows may benefit from _____.

A

biotin

31
Q

Sources of thiamin?

A

bracken fern, raw fish

32
Q

Which vitamins are supplemented in ruminant rations?

A

A, D, E

33
Q

Importance of Vitamin E to ruminants?

A

immune function, antioxidant, cell membranes

34
Q

Vitamin E has interaction with ____ to maintain integrity of tissues.

A

selenium

35
Q

How is Vitamin E important for immunity?

A

“killing” ability of PMNs

36
Q

Enzyme responsible for preventing white muscle disease?

A

glutathione peroxidase enzyme

37
Q

White muscle disease is directly related to a deficiency in:

A

Selenium and Vitamin E

38
Q

Periparturient Hypocalcemia

A

milk fever

39
Q

Symptoms of milk fever?

A

down, wobbly/staggering

40
Q

Why are Jerseys more prone to milk fever?

A

put more Ca in colostrum/milk and fewer receptors for PTH

41
Q

T or F: Giving Calcium can help prevent milk fever.

A

False; body begins to rely on GI tract for Ca

42
Q

How can you help prevent milk fever?

A

decrease Ca, DCAD, anionic salts

43
Q

Treatment of milk fever?

A

oral Ca, IV Ca

44
Q

Effect of high K+ on Mg absorption?

A

Mg absorption is inhibited if K+ too high

45
Q

Ruminant Ketosis symptoms

A

off feed, listless, sweet smell to breath

46
Q

Type I ketosis

A

spontaneous underfeeding; good prognosis; supplement with energy (3-6 wks after calving)

47
Q

Type II Ketosis:

A

fat cows fatty liver; poor prognosis; high glucose in blood b/c insulin resistant (1-2 wks after calving)

48
Q

Butyric Acid Silage

A

ketosis caused by wet silages; feeding cows ketones, food from back of silo; good prognosis

49
Q

Treatment for Type I Ketosis

A

IV dextrose

50
Q

Treatment for Type II ketosis

A

oral glucose precursors

51
Q

Prevention of ruminant ketosis?

A

NEFA, BHBA, DMI

52
Q

Displaced Abomasum symptoms

A

off feed, ketosis, abdominal distention

53
Q

Causes of DA

A

nutrition, prior health problems

54
Q

Tx of DA

A

medical, roll and tack, surgery

55
Q

Prevention of DA?

A

prevent predisposing illness, nutrition (energy, fiber)

Nutrition (13 decks)

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