Exploring Life Flashcards
Chapter 1
Biology
Scientific study of life.
Properties and processes associated with life
3R, 2E, 1OG. Response to environment, Regulation, Reproduction, Energy Processing, Evolution Adaption, Order and Growth.
Order
Life is filled with patterns and it was designed purposefully.
Response to environment
Ability to respond to a change in environment. Venus fly trap closing to fly.
Regulation
Ability to maintain constants. i.e. blood flow, warmth
Reproduction
Ability to reproduce
Energy processing
Eating and the cycle of energy in the environment.
Evolution Adaption
Evolving to your environment. i.e. snow leopards vs normal leopards.
Growth and Development
inherited gene information.
Hierarchy of size (small->big)
Atoms -> Molecules -> Organelles -> Cells -> Tissue -> Organs -> Organ system -> Organism -> Population (Same species) -> Community -> Ecosystem -> The BIOSPHERE
Cellular basis of life
- The cell is the smallest unit capable of all life activities
- All cells come from other cells (problem with evolution theory)
2 Major cell types
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic cells
Pro-before; karyo-nucleus.
Lacking a nucleus & membrane enclosed organelles.
2 domains.
1.Domain Bacteria
2. Domain Archaea
Eukaryotic Cells
Eu-with; karyo-nucleus.
Contains nucleus & membrane enclosed organelles
1 domain:
Domain Eukarya
Chromosomes in a dividing cell
Information within cells, structures called chromosomes contain genetic material in the form of DNA.
Genomics
Studying an entire section of genes (DNA)
Genome
entire “library” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits. Chromosome code.
Proteomics
Studying an entire section of proteins
Ecosystem Dynamics
- Producers: photosynthetic organisms
- Consumers: organisms that feeds on other organisms or its remains.
Negative and positive feedback
Negative: stop doing something i.e. blood sugar levels
Positive: Keep doing something i.e. blood clotting
Taxonomy
Scientific study of naming, defining, & classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics
Domain Bacteria
Most widespread & diverse prokaryotes. Are now classified into multiple kingdoms. Typically live in human friendly environments.
Domain Archaea
Prokaryotes, multiple kingdoms. Tend to live in extreme environments
Domain Eukarya
4 kingdoms:
1. Plantae
2. Fungi
3. Animalia
4. Protsits
Kingdom Protists
Single to simple multicellular eukaryotes. Hard to classify. Most numerous & diverse of eukaryotes.
Levels of Classification
DK PC of GS
1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species
Unity in diversity
Similarities between species w/ no relation
Origin of life: Evolution
Origin by Evolution from molecules…descent with modification.
Origin of life: Creation
Origin by intelligent design w/ microevolutions
Natural Selection vs Structure fits function
Natural Selection: Best genetics survive and reproduce, passing on the good genes.
Structure fits function: Things are good at what they were designed to be good at.
Common Ancestor
Everything came from a common ancestor, which is why a bat has matching traits with a horse, whale and a human.
Natural Selection
- Variation: very similar finches w/ slight differences
- Overproduction: lead to many micro evolutions; better chance of survival
- Competition: Competition lead to weaker & inferior genes dying out
- Inheritance of fitness: Passing down genetic makeup, better genes reproduce.
Inquiry
Search for information & explanation of natural phenomena
Discovery science
Discovery based science. Uses scientific method. Aims to find new patterns, correlations, and form hypotheses through the analysis of large-scale experimental data.
Data
Recorded observations. 2 types:
1. Qualitative: observations/recorded descriptions
2. Quantitative: Numerical based. Stats.
Inductive reasoning
Conclusions reached by analyzing observations. Specific to general
Deductive Reasoning
General to specific, If-Then statement. Prediction of result if hypothesis is discovered to be true.
Scientific method
Observe -> research/ask a question -> hypothesis -> null hypothesis/predictions -> test -> analyze (repeat) -> report.
Controlled Experiments
You control one group & compare those results to the other groups
Independent variable
Factor being manipulated. The one you control.
Dependent variable
Factor being measured/predicted according to independent variable.
Limitations of science
It is impossible to control every variable
Theories
Broader than hypothesis. Supported by many studies. Can be modified/changed if the need and support arises.
Technology
Any method or device that applies scientific knowledge for a specific purpose.
