Evolution (Ch. 22)

Question 1

The Origin of Species

Answer 1

Published in 1859 by Charles Darwin. Evolution can be defined by Darwin’s phrase descent with modification.

Question 2

Aristotle view on evolution

Answer 2

Species are fixed, arranged them on a scala naturae.

Question 3

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 3

Founder of taxonomy, developed the binomial nomenclature format for naming species.

Interpteted organismal adaptations as evidence that the Creator had designed each species with a specific purpose.

Question 4

Georges Cuvier

Answer 4

Developed paleontology, the study of fossils. He was French.

Question 5

James Hutton and Charles Lyell

Answer 5

Perceived that changes in Earth’s surface can result from slow continuous action still operating today.
-Lyell’s principle of Geology Uniformitarianism states that the mechanisms of change are constant over time.

Question 6

Lamarck’s Hypothesis on Evolution

Answer 6

Species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics, Lamarckism. Mom don’t have arm, you don’t have arm.

Question 7

Artificial Selection

Answer 7

Humans affecting the breeding rates and individuals with higher

Question 8

Darwin’s Observations

Answer 8

1. Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits
2. All species tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support, and many of these offspring fail to survive and reproduce.

Question 9

Natural selection only applies for traits that are?

Answer 9

Already present in the population.

Question 10

Homology

Answer 10

Similarity resulting from common ancestry.

Question 11

Homologous Structures

Answer 11

Anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor

Question 12

Vestigial structures

Answer 12

Remnants of features that served important functions in the organism’s ancestors.

Question 13

Convergent Evolution

Answer 13

Evolution of similar/identical features in distantly related groups.
-Analogous traits (traits that aruse through convergent evolution) arise when groups independently adapt to similar environments in similar ways.

Question 14

Biogeography

Answer 14

The geographic distribution of species, provides evidence of evolution.

Question 15

Endemic Species

Answer 15

Species that are not found anywhere else in the world. Islands have many endemic species.

Question 16

Malthus

Answer 16

Influenced Darwin, also noted the potential for human population to increase faster than food supplies and other resources.