Chapter 4

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Made of only C & H

Question 2

Isomers

Answer 2

Same formula, different structure, different properties.

Question 3

Composition of cells

Answer 3

70-95% water.

Question 4

Major Elements

Answer 4

SPONCH. ONCH + Sulfur and phosphorus

Question 5

Organic Chemistry

Answer 5

Study of Carbon compounds

Question 6

Carbon

Answer 6

6 electrons, 4 valence electrons. Tetrahedral Bond.

Question 7

Carbon Skeleton

Answer 7

Variations:
1. Length
2. Branching
3. Double bond position
4. Presence of rings

Question 8

Geometric Isomers

Answer 8

The cis-trans isomers
-Cis: same side
-Trans: opposite sides

Question 9

Enantiomers

Answer 9

Mirror image. Has at least 1 asymmetric/central carbon. Left and right hands.

Question 10

Function groups

Answer 10

Small part of a bigger organic molecule, usually involved in chemical reaction.
1. Hydroxyl
2. Carbonyl
3. Carboxyl
4. Amino
5. Sulfhydryl
6. Phosphate
7. Methyl

Question 11

Hydroxyl

Answer 11

-OH

Question 12

Carbonyl

Answer 12

> C=O

Question 13

Carboxyl

Answer 13

-COOH

Question 14

Amino group

Answer 14

-NH2

Question 15

Sulfhydryl group

Answer 15

-SH

Question 16

Phosphate Group

Answer 16

-OPO_3^2-

Question 17

Methyl group

Answer 17

CH3

Question 18

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 18

3 phosphate, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogenous base (adenine). Used to store energy for future reactions or be withdrawn to pay for reactions when energy is required by the cell

Question 19

Structural Isomers

Answer 19

Differ in covalent arrangement of atoms

Question 20

Cis-trans isomers

Answer 20

Double bonds can’t rotate, single bonds can (around carbon).