Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 1021 > Excitable Cells > Flashcards

Excitable Cells Flashcards

1
Q

in what order is the body divided ?

A

cells - tissues - organ - organ system - human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is homeostasis ?

A

the ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what maintains homestasis ?

A

negative feedback loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the two forms of negative feedback ?

A

local control or long-distance control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the two body fluid compartments ?

A

intracellular fluid (ICF) and estacellular fluid (ECF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how much of the total body water is found in ICF ?

A

2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do plasma membranes do ?

A
  • provides physical separation
  • regulates exchange of substances
  • communication with environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 5 plasma membrane components ?

A
  1. glycoprotein
  2. glycolipid
  3. cholesterol
  4. transmembrane protein
  5. peripheral protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does hydrophobic mean ?

A

water hating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does hydrophilic mean ?

A

water loving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what size molecules are easier to move across gates ?

A

smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is simple diffusion ?

A

from high concentration to low with zero assistance until meets equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

factors of simple diffusion ?

A
  • hydrophobic (lipid soluble)
  • small
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what substances participate in simple diffusion ?

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fick’s law of diffusion …

A

SA x Concentration Gradient / Membrane Thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 passive forms of diffusion :

A
  • simple diffusion
  • channel-mediated diffusion
  • facilitated diffusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in what case does diffusion require assistance ?

A

if it is hydrophilic and/or large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does it mean to “require assistance” in passive diffusion ?

A

requires a transmembrane protein to help it across

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

examples of substances for channel-mediated diffusion :

A

ions and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

examples of substances for facilitated diffusion :

A

glucose and amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is channel mediated diffusion ?

A

transmembrane protein (open channel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is facilitated diffusion ?

A

transmembrane protein (open and closes channel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what affects channel mediated diffusion ?

A
  • concentration gradient
  • number of channels
  • size
  • charge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what passive form of diffusion is selective and causes saturation ?

A

facilitated diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what form of diffusion moves opposite to their concentration gradient ?

A

active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is an example of active transport ?

A

NaKATPase Pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the sodium potassium ATPase Pump ?

A
  • 3 sodiums out
  • 2 potassiums in
  • need energy (ATP) to do so
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

where is sodium usually the highest ?

A

outside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how do really large molecules enter/exit the cell ?

A

endocytosis and exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the two forms of local communication ?

A

paracrine (close distance) and autocrine (itself)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what can directly connect two cells together ?

A

gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are gap junctions connected by ?

A

connexons

33
Q

what happens if gap junctions disappear ?

A

your heart will stop

34
Q

how does water move in the body ?

A

aquaporins

35
Q

what way is the concentration gradient moving during diffusion ?

A

high concentration to low concentration

36
Q

what is osmosis ?

A

water diffusion down its concentration gradient

37
Q

“what has a higher concentration of water”

A

do the number mM for each molecule present (ex. CaCl2 200mm = 200 + 200 + 200 = 600 while KCl 200mM = 200 + 200 = 400) … side with more solutes = side it will move

38
Q

what is tonicity ?

A

ability of a solution to cause osmosis across a cell

39
Q

what is isotonic ?

A

the same (not changing)

40
Q

what is hypertonic ?

A

more (bigger # and more solutes)

41
Q

what is hypotonic ?

A

less (water moves into ICF, smaller number of solutes)

42
Q

what is RMP affected by ?

A

permeability of membrane to various ions and concentration gradients of the ions

43
Q

what is neutron RMP ?

A

-70mV

44
Q

what element leak channels are present in cells ?

A

potassium

45
Q

where is it more negative in a cell ?

A

inside

46
Q

what are excitable cells ?

A

any cell that can be altered (cause impulse)

47
Q

how do gated ion channels open ?

A

by a stimulus

48
Q

what are the 3 gated channels types ?

A
  • mechanically gated
  • chemically gated
  • voltage gated
49
Q

what is mechanically gated ?

A

deforming the membrane

50
Q

what is chemically-gated ?

A

a chemical binding the channel

51
Q

what is another name for chemically-gated ?

A

ligand-gated

52
Q

what is voltage-gated ?

A

voltage changes in the cell

53
Q

what 7 features are on the neurons ?

A
  • dendrites
  • soma
  • axon hillock
  • axon
  • myelin sheath
  • node of ranvier
  • axon terminal
54
Q

what does axon terminal do ?

A

sends signals

55
Q

what does the axon hillock do ?

A

connect axon and the soma

56
Q

what is a myelin sheath ?

A

speeds up reaction

57
Q

what is the input zone ?

A

dendrites and soma (graded potential)

58
Q

what is the conducting zone ?

A

action potential travels here (axon)

59
Q

what is the trigger zone ?

A

trigger action potential (depends on if threshold value is reached -55mV)

60
Q

what is output zone ?

A

passes signal to next neutron by real leasing chemicals (synapse happening at axon terminal)

61
Q

what is graded potential ?

A

depo / repo / hypo

62
Q

what does depolarization mean ?

A

the cell becomes more positive than RMP

63
Q

what does hyperpolarization mean ?

A

the cell becomes more negative than RMP

64
Q

what does threshold mean ?

A

the minimum voltage to initiate action potential

65
Q

where does Na move during depo ?

A

moves into the cell

66
Q

where does Na move during repo ?

A

moves out of the cell (decreases in charge and becomes more negative)

67
Q

what does amplitude mean ?

A

how high it goes

68
Q

what is a graded potential ?

A

space that brings to threshold

69
Q

during an AP what happens once hits +30mV ?

A

Na+ stops entering and K starts leaving neuron

70
Q

what causes repolarization during AP to get back to RMP?

A

K+ leaving

71
Q

what is the activation and inactivation gate at RMP ?

A

activation gate = closed
inactivation gate = open

72
Q

what is the activation and inactivation gate during depolarization ?

A

activation gate = open
inactivation gate = closed

73
Q

what is the activation and inactivation gate during repolarization ?

A

activation gate = open
inactivation gate = closed

74
Q

what influences speed of propagation ?

A

membrane resistance to ion leak (myelination) and axon diameter

75
Q

what is happening during multiple scelorosis ?

A

multiple neutrons are hardening

76
Q

what happens when the action potential reaches the axon terminal ?

A

chemical synapse

77
Q

what is the synaptic cleft ?

A

the space between the presynaptic neutron and the postsynaptic neuron

78
Q

what element opens channels at synapses ?

A

calcium

Physiology 1021 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions