Examen Juin 2019 Flashcards
Q1. (9 points) : Complete the following text with terms from the list below
A. intrinsic motivation B. extrinsic motivation C. undermining D. hypothesise E. particular task F. a sticker G. knowledge H. personal satisfaction I. less likely
Lepper, Greene and Nisbett’s study (1973) looks at what happens when children are given rewards for engaging in an activity which they find pleasurable.
Children who have the desire to engage in an activity because they enjoy it or find it interesting not because of external rewards or pressures, will spend time participating in the (1) ……… for enjoyment- this is know as (2) ……… .
On the other land, (3) ……… is when a child’s desire to engage in an activity is not motivated by the fact that they find the task interesting or enjoyable but because there is external rewards or pressure to do so. The experimenters (4) ……… :
1) Children undertaking an activity which they naturally enjoy, with the (5) ……… that they will gain something for doing this, will have the unwanted effect of (6) ……… that child’s initial enjoyment of the activité, resulting in the child being (7) ……… to gravite towards, or participate in, the same activity at a future date.
2) They predict that it is not the reward itself e.g. money or (8) ……… which will interfere with intrinsic motivation, rather it is because the child is now doing the task for a reason other than (9) ……… .
Q1. (9 points) : Complete the following text with terms from the list below
A. intrinsic motivation B. extrinsic motivation C. undermining D. hypothesise E. particular task F. a sticker G. knowledge H. personal satisfaction I. less likely
Lepper, Greene and Nisbett’s study (1973) looks at what happens when children are given rewards for engaging in an activity which they find pleasurable.
Children who have the desire to engage in an activity because they enjoy it or find it interesting not because of external rewards or pressures, will spend time participating in the (1) particular task for enjoyment- this is know as (2) intrinsic motivation.
On the other land, (3) extrinsic motivation is when a child’s desire to engage in an activity is not motivated by the fact that they find the task interesting or enjoyable but because there is external rewards or pressure to do so. The experimenters (4) hypothesise :
1) Children undertaking an activity which they naturally enjoy, with the (5) knowledge that they will gain something for doing this, will have the unwanted effect of (6) undermining that child’s initial enjoyment of the activité, resulting in the child being (7) less likely to gravite towards, or participate in, the same activity at a future date.
2) They predict that it is not the reward itself e.g. money or (8) a sticker which will interfere with intrinsic motivation, rather it is because the child is now doing the task for a reason other than (9) personal satisfaction.
Exercise 2 (5 points)-Try to match the words in column A with a definition in column B.
Column A
- Rewarding
- Core
- A lack of (something)
- To arise
- Withdrawal symptoms
Column B
A. Begin to exist or develop
B. Giving satisfaction or pleasure
C. The unpleasant physical and mental effects that result when you stop doing or taking something, especially a drug, that has become a habit
D. The central, innermost, or most essential part of something
E. The state of being without or not having enough of something
Exercise 2 (5 points)-Try to match the words in column A with a definition in column B. 1B – 2D – 3E – 4A – 5C
- Rewarding
B. Giving satisfaction or pleasure - Core
D. The central, innermost, or most essential part of something - A lack of (something)
E. The state of being without or not having enough of something - To arise
A. Begin to exist or develop - Withdrawal symptoms
C. The unpleasant physical and mental effects that result when you stop doing or taking something, especially a drug, that has become a habit
Q1 – The term “discrimination” refers to
a. A positive or negative evaluation of a social group and its members
b. A positive or negative behavior directed toward a social group and its members
c. A negative behavior directed toward a social group and its members
d. A negative evaluation of a social group and its members
Q1 – The term “discrimination” refers to
b. A positive or negative behavior directed toward a social group and its members
Q2 – A necessary condition for stereotyping to occur is
a. An incorrect image of a group
b. Discrimination
c. Social categorization
d. A negative image of a group
Q2 – A necessary condition for stereotyping to occur is
c. Social categorization
Q3 – The presence of a single member of a social group in another social group (with other standards and values that this single member) usually means that
a. The single member will get annoyed at the attitudes of the majority
b. A less stereotypical view of the single member will be formed, compared to when the two groups are more aqually represented
c. An extremely stereotypical view of the single member will be formed
d. The single member will be put down
Q3 – The presence of a single member of a social group in another social group (with other standards and values that this single member) usually means that
c. An extremely stereotypical view of the single member will be formed
Q4. Intergroup contact will lead to the changing of stereotypes and an improvement of intergroup relations only under certain conditions. One of these conditions is that the behavior that invalidates existing stereotypes
a. Is shown repeatedly by group members
b. Is the same as the behavior of the in-group
c. Si shown by as few group members as possible
d. Can be discounted
Q4. Intergroup contact will lead to the changing of stereotypes and an improvement of intergroup relations only under certain conditions. One of these conditions is that the behavior that invalidates existing stereotypes
a. Is shown repeatedly by group members
Q5. Information about a person that doesn’t fit the stereotype of the group to which the person belongs will usually lead people to
a. Add the information to the existing stereotype
b. Explain the information in terms of dispositional attributions
c. Explain the information as an exception
d. See the group in a less prejudiced way
Q5. Information about a person that doesn’t fit the stereotype of the group to which the person belongs will usually lead people to
c. Explain the information as an exception
Q6. Experiments using this approach have revealed that even arbitrary and virtually meaningless distinctions between groups (e.g. the color of their shirts) can trigger a tendency to favoir one’s own group at the expense of others. This approach is called
a. Self-fulfilling prophecy
b. Distinctiveness
c. Minimal Group Paradigm
d. Outgroup derogation
Q6. Experiments using this approach have revealed that even arbitrary and virtually meaningless distinctions between groups (e.g. the color of their shirts) can trigger a tendency to favoir one’s own group at the expense of others. This approach is called
c. Minimal Group Paradigm
Q7. Those who have exerted the most influence on the disorders included in the DSM are generally members of which profession ?
a. Psychiatry
b. Clinical psychology
c. Social work
d. Philosophy
Q7. Those who have exerted the most influence on the disorders included in the DSM are generally members of which profession ?
a. Psychiatry
Q8. ___ ? ___, the Chair of the Task Force for DSM-IV, has been a vocal critie of DSM-5
a. Allen Frances
b. Carl Marx
c. Honore H. Clodpoll
d. Diane Wakefield
Q8. ___ ? ___, the Chair of the Task Force for DSM-IV, has been a vocal critie of DSM-5
a. Allen Frances
Q9. Hippocrates conceptualized abnormality as
a. the result of spiritual possession
b. an imbalance of bodily fluids
c. a neurological deficit
d. all of the above
Q9. Hippocrates conceptualized abnormality as
b. an imbalance of bodily fluids
Q10. The ___ ? ___ approach to diagnosis utilizes a continuum upon which a person falls ; the ___ ? ___ approach employs a definitive « has » / « has not » system
a. categorical ; dimensional
b. dimensional ; categorical
c. pluralistic ; singular
d. singular ; pluralistic
Q10. The ___ ? ___ approach to diagnosis utilizes a continuum upon which a person falls ; the ___ ? ___ approach employs a definitive « has » / « has not » system
b. dimensional ; categorical
Q11. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the categorical approach to diagnosis ?
a. It facilitates communication between professionals
b. It lends itself to research on psychological disorders
c. It provides a great deal of freedom and flexibility when disgnosing patients
d. None of the above
Q11. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the categorical approach to diagnosis ?
c. It provides a great deal of freedom and flexibility when disgnosing patients
Q12. ___ ? ___ is a forecast about the probable course of an illness.
a. Prognosis
b. Diagnosis
c. Maladaptive behavior
d. Deviance
Q12. ___ ? ___ is a forecast about the probable course of an illness.
a. Prognosis
Q13. Which of the following is most focused on the characteristics of the worker ?
a. ergonomics
b. human relations approach
c. scientific management
d. industrial psychology
Q13. Which of the following is most focused on the characteristics of the worker ?
b. human relations approach
Q14. A group of psychologists at your university are attempting to design a typewritter that will allow the kind of performance now possible with state-of-the-art electronics while leading to less fatigue to the user. This group probably consists of
a. human factors psychologists
b. organizational psychologists
c. machine psychologists
d. industrial psychologists
Q14. A group of psychologists at your university are attempting to design a typewritter that will allow the kind of performance now possible with state-of-the-art electronics while leading to less fatigue to the user. This group probably consists of
a. human factors psychologists
Q15. Donna Bruce gave a subordinate an overly favourable performance appraisal because Donna placed too much weight in her evaluation on one outstanding characteristic of her subordinate. Which error did Donna commit ?
a. The halo effect
b. The diablo effect
c. Projection
d. Stereotyping
Q15. Donna Bruce gave a subordinate an overly favourable performance appraisal because Donna placed too much weight in her evaluation on one outstanding characteristic of her subordinate. Which error did Donna commit ?
a. The halo effect
Q16. ___ ? ___ support is the provision of advice and suggestions that a person can use to address problems whereas ___ ? ___ support involves the provision of information that is useful for self evaluation purposes—constructive feedback and affirmation.
a. appraisal / emotional
b. emotional / instrumental
c. instrumental / informational
d. informational / appraisal
Q16. ___ ? ___ support is the provision of advice and suggestions that a person can use to address problems whereas ___ ? ___ support involves the provision of information that is useful for self evaluation purposes—constructive feedback and affirmation.
d. informational / appraisal
Q17. If ___ ? ___ book is like the first chapter, then I don’t think I’m going to read ___ ? ___ of it.
a. every / something
b. all of / no longer
c. each / nothing
d. the whole / any more
e. most / everything
Q17. If ___ ? ___ book is like the first chapter, then I don’t think I’m going to read ___ ? ___ of it.
d. the whole / any more
Q18. When we have started the course, we needn’t pay for the whole course in advance, ___ ? ___ ?
a. don’t we
b. didn’t we
c. need we
d. have we
e. haven’t we
Q18. When we have started the course, we needn’t pay for the whole course in advance, ___ ? ___ ?
c. need we
Q19. We regret not ___ ? ___ of the chairman’s decision before the board meeting.
a. informing
b. to be informed
c. having informed
d. to have been informed
e. having been informed
Q19. We regret not ___ ? ___ of the chairman’s decision before the board meeting.
e. having been informed
Q20. Jim ___ ? ___ on the early flight the next morning, so he ___ ? ___ his excuses and left the party before midnight.
a. was leaving / made
b. will leave / will make
c. leaves / had made
d. would leave / is going to make
e. has left / will make
Q20. Jim ___ ? ___ on the early flight the next morning, so he ___ ? ___ his excuses and left the party before midnight.
a. was leaving / made
Q21. The study was to determine ___ ? ___ or not there was a connection between gender and linguistic achievement.
a. what
b. why
c. how
d. that
e. whether
Q21. The study was to determine ___ ? ___ or not there was a connection between gender and linguistic achievement.
e. whether
Q22. The bank robbery ___ ? ___ I told you is in the local newspaper today.
a. of which
b. that
c. about which
d. where
e. why
Q22. The bank robbery ___ ? ___ I told you is in the local newspaper today.
c. about which
Q23. Cell phones are dangerous when people use them while they ___ ? ___ cars.
a. would drive
b. were driving
c. drove
d. are driving
e. will drive
Q23. Cell phones are dangerous when people use them while they ___ ? ___ cars.
d. are driving
Q24. The human brain goes through several large-scale changed ___ ? ___ the individual progresses from embryo through to old age.
a. so that
b. as
c. whereas
d. even if
e. lest
Q24. The human brain goes through several large-scale changed ___ ? ___ the individual progresses from embryo through to old age.
b. as
Q25. From what he ___ ? ___ in his letter, I thought that he ___ ? ___ in Paris until next year.
a. had written / would be living
b. has written / lives
c. had been writing / will live
d. was writing / lived
e. would have written / was living
Q25. From what he ___ ? ___ in his letter, I thought that he ___ ? ___ in Paris until next year.
a. had written / would be living
Q26. You ___ ? ___ what you heard as it was highly confidential.
a. must not have repeated
b. might not repeat
c. shouldn’t have repeated
d. needn’t be repeated
e. dont’t have to repeat
Q26. You ___ ? ___ what you heard as it was highly confidential.
c. shouldn’t have repeated
