Chapter 1 Part1 PSD Flashcards
1 - According to film 9, what was Le Poultier’s main result ?
a. He showed that the social worker was evaluated with the same adjectives as the friends
b. He showed that the social worker was evaluated with the same adjectives as the friends
c. He showed that the social worker was evaluated with the same adjectives as the client
d. He showed that the same woman was described using different adjectives depending on the social roles described (her labeling as social worker or client)
1 - According to film 9, what was Le Poultier’s main result ?
d. He showed that the same woman was described using different adjectives depending on the social roles described (her labeling as social worker or client)
2 - In the 1930s a psychologist named Tryon performed an ingenious experiment. He took a litter of genetically identical mice, and « randomly assigned » them to one of two groups: “maze-bright” and “maze-dull.” He warned students to whom he gave the maze-dull mice that they would be slow, make many mistakes, and learn poorly. He told students to whom he gave the maze-bright mice that these mice were fast learners, would make few errors, and were alert. After two weeks of « maze training », his predictions were dramatically proven right: Maze-dull mice did miserably on maze tests; maze-bright mice did great. Tryon concluded that the results had nothing to do with mice; the students communicated their “expectations” to the mice in the way they handled and encouraged the animals. This experiment provides strong evidence for:
a. Self-fulfilling prophecy
b. objective data gathering
c. Minimal group paradigm
d. placebo-effects
2 - In the 1930s a psychologist named Tryon performed an ingenious experiment. He took a litter of genetically identical mice, and « randomly assigned » them to one of two groups: “maze-bright” and “maze-dull.” He warned students to whom he gave the maze-dull mice that they would be slow, make many mistakes, and learn poorly. He told students to whom he gave the maze-bright mice that these mice were fast learners, would make few errors, and were alert. After two weeks of « maze training », his predictions were dramatically proven right: Maze-dull mice did miserably on maze tests; maze-bright mice did great. Tryon concluded that the results had nothing to do with mice; the students communicated their “expectations” to the mice in the way they handled and encouraged the animals. This experiment provides strong evidence for:
a. Self-fulfilling prophecy
3 - ____?____ attitudes are activated without awareness, whilst ____?____ attitudes are attitudes of which one is aware.
a. Outward, inward
b. Implicit; explicit
c. Inward; outward
d. Explicit, implicit
3 - ____?____ attitudes are activated without awareness, whilst ____?____ attitudes are attitudes of which one is aware.
b. Implicit; explicit
4 - “Us” versus “them” categorizations tend to create intergroup conflict. Part of the reason stems from the fact that a group may view itself positively and view other groups negatively. In social psychology, these groups are called:
a. valued groups and devalued groups
b. positive groups and negative groups
c. ingroups and outgroups
d. dominant groups and subordinate groups
4 - “Us” versus “them” categorizations tend to create intergroup conflict. Part of the reason stems from the fact that a group may view itself positively and view other groups negatively. In social psychology, these groups are called:
c. ingroups and outgroups
5 - This term is a bias which describes the tendency to favor one’s own group: we often do this as a way of maintaining self-esteem.
a. outgroup favoritism
b. ingroup favoritism
c. outgroup derogation
d. ingroup derogation Feedback
5 - This term is a bias which describes the tendency to favor one’s own group: we often do this as a way of maintaining self-esteem.
b. ingroup favoritism
6 - Merging two organizations into one can result in a lot of problems between the two former organizational groups. What is the best way to reduce intergroup bias?
a. There is no uniformly best way to reduce intergroup bias
b. Distract attention from group differences (the color-blindness approach)
c. Encourage personal contact between individuals and former out-group members (decategorization)
d. Have the two groups share common goals, while they can simultaneously maintain their own social identity
6 - Merging two organizations into one can result in a lot of problems between the two former organizational groups. What is the best way to reduce intergroup bias?
c. Encourage personal contact between individuals and former out-group members (decategorization)
7 - When a manager wants to recruit or promote someone, s/he can give preferential treatment to individuals with a similar educational, social or cultural background to him/herself and therefore, will choose someone of his/her network. This will give the manager the false impression that s/he will be able to control how the other person behaves. What processes are at work here?
a. reproduction and cooptation
b. swing door effect
c. glass ceiling
d. glass partition
7 - When a manager wants to recruit or promote someone, s/he can give preferential treatment to individuals with a similar educational, social or cultural background to him/herself and therefore, will choose someone of his/her network. This will give the manager the false impression that s/he will be able to control how the other person behaves. What processes are at work here?
a. reproduction and cooptation
8 - In Laurin, Kay, and Moscovitch’s study, when individuals receive information that implies that events might be random rather than structured, they become more inclined to believe the world is controlled by a God. This result could be explained by:
a. Terror Management theory
b. Distinctiveness theory
c. Social dominance theory
d. Uncertainty Reduction theory
8 - In Laurin, Kay, and Moscovitch’s study, when individuals receive information that implies that events might be random rather than structured, they become more inclined to believe the world is controlled by a God. This result could be explained by:
d. Uncertainty Reduction theory
9 - “Real conflicts” (page 22) refer to “realistic group conflict theory” suggesting that prejudice arises :
a. where there is a long history of distrust between two groups
b. when a new group moves into an area
c. when groups fail to communicate clearly with each other
d. when groups compete for scarce resources
9 - “Real conflicts” (page 22) refer to “realistic group conflict theory” suggesting that prejudice arises :
d. when groups compete for scarce resources
10 - Carol, a mid-level manager at Pegasus Incorporated, has not received a promotion in the last three years despite good performance and good ratings at performance appraisals. If she were to be promoted, she would be the only female employee at top management level. Carol seems to have hit:
a. the invisible ceiling
b. the brick wall
c. the glass ceiling
d. the glass wall
10 - Carol, a mid-level manager at Pegasus Incorporated, has not received a promotion in the last three years despite good performance and good ratings at performance appraisals. If she were to be promoted, she would be the only female employee at top management level. Carol seems to have hit:
c. the glass ceiling
11 - The idea that under certain circumstances, direct encounter between rival groups will reduce stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, is termed ____?____
a. contact hypothesis
b. uncertainty hypothesis
c. ingroup favouritism hypothesis
d. outgroup derogation hypothesis
11 - The idea that under certain circumstances, direct encounter between rival groups will reduce stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, is termed ____?____
a. contact hypothesis
12 - Discrimination in a minimal intergroup situation occurs on the basis of ___?___:
a. Negative stereotypes
b. History of conflict
c. Simple categorization
d. Unjust distribution of resources
12 - Discrimination in a minimal intergroup situation occurs on the basis of ___?___:
c. Simple categorization
13 - Marx described the oppressive hierarchy of hegemonic group(s) dominating negative reference groups. In his examples the bourgeoisie (owning class) dominate the proletariat (working class) by controlling capital (the means of production), not paying workers enough, and so on… Which theory referring to group-based social hierarchies in societies could have been influenced by Marxist’s ideas?
a. Terror Management theory
b. Social dominance theory
c. Uncertainty Reduction theory
d. Distinctiveness theory
13 - Marx described the oppressive hierarchy of hegemonic group(s) dominating negative reference groups. In his examples the bourgeoisie (owning class) dominate the proletariat (working class) by controlling capital (the means of production), not paying workers enough, and so on… Which theory referring to group-based social hierarchies in societies could have been influenced by Marxist’s ideas?
b. Social dominance theory
14 - The idea that we find it useful to put people, ourselves included, into categories is an important assumption of ______?_______ theory
a. social identity
b. realistic group conflict
c. just world
d. cognitive dissonance
14 - The idea that we find it useful to put people, ourselves included, into categories is an important assumption of ______?_______ theory
a. social identity
15 - Which of the following statements about stereotypes is FALSE?
a. Stereotypes are very limiting and can cause discrimination
b. Stereotypes refer to the affective dimension of attitude
c. Stereotypes are sets of characteristics that people believe are true for all members of a particular social category
d. Stereotypes are forms of social categories
15 - Which of the following statements about stereotypes is FALSE?
b. Stereotypes refer to the affective dimension of attitude
