Chapter1 Part2 : Rewarding and Praising Children Flashcards
1 - According to Carol Dweck, statements like ““Good girl”, or “You’re so clever”, could be characterized as ___?___
a. Backlash
b. Process-directed praise
c. Negative feedbacks
d. Person-directed praise
1 - According to Carol Dweck, statements like ““Good girl”, or “You’re so clever”, could be characterized as ___?___
d. Person-directed praise
2 - Which of the following is the important general finding in the research by Lepper et al. (1973) on the effects of reward?
a. Monetary reward is not effective
b. The effects of reward only last a short period of time
c. Reward can undermine initial interest in a behavior
d. Reward can motivate students to do better
2 - Which of the following is the important general finding in the research by Lepper et al. (1973) on the effects of reward?
c. Reward can undermine initial interest in a behavior
3 - Lepper did not know if “magic markers” would interest the children. What methodological precaution did he take to verify it?
a. He directly asked the children what they thought about “magic markers”
b. He trained children peers to be his accomplices in the experiment
c. He began with an observation phase where the markers were put out on a table at the preschool
d. He trained the children using “magic markers” many times before the experiment started
3 - Lepper did not know if “magic markers” would interest the children. What methodological precaution did he take to verify it?
c. He began with an observation phase where the markers were put out on a table at the preschool
4 - Carol Dweck defines the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves (e.g. intelligence) as:
a. Self-efficacy
b. Metacognition
c. Mindset
d. Mind map
4 - Carol Dweck defines the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves (e.g. intelligence) as:
c. Mindset
5 - Which among the following processes is not a process described by Carol Dweck?
a. Person-directed praise
b. Process-directed praise
c. Product-directed praise
d. Self-directed praise
5 - Which among the following processes is not a process described by Carol Dweck?
d. Self-directed praise
6 - According to Thorndike mentioned in the text, responses followed by a satisfying effect are strengthened and likely to occur again in a particular situation, but responses followed by a dissatisfying effect are weakened and less likely to occur again in a particular situation.” What principle does this statement describe?
a. learned helplessness
b. the modeling effect
c. extinction effect
d. the law of effect
6 - According to Thorndike mentioned in the text, responses followed by a satisfying effect are strengthened and likely to occur again in a particular situation, but responses followed by a dissatisfying effect are weakened and less likely to occur again in a particular situation.” What principle does this statement describe?
d. the law of effect
7 - Researchers interested in studying helping behavior have used accomplices to “fake” accidents on subway trains, in front of movie theaters, and on highways to see how people would react. Often the people help the apparent “victim.” These interventions in the real world illustrate a methodology also used by Lepper and his colleagues:
a. Case study
b. double-blind experiment
c. naturalistic observation
d. field experiment
7 - Researchers interested in studying helping behavior have used accomplices to “fake” accidents on subway trains, in front of movie theaters, and on highways to see how people would react. Often the people help the apparent “victim.” These interventions in the real world illustrate a methodology also used by Lepper and his colleagues:
d. field experiment
8 - Lepper’s study documented an important role of intrinsic motivation; which one is it?
a. Students who pursue mastery goals display negative engagement in the task
b. All of these statements are correct
c. Whatever goals were used (mastery or performance), the students were always bored
d. All of these statements are false
e. Students who pursue performance goals display positive engagement in the task
8 - Lepper’s study documented an important role of intrinsic motivation; which one is it?
d. All of these statements are false
9 - Clinton has a hard time consistently doing his homework. To help him out, his school teacher suggested that for every fifteen minutes Clint works on homework, his parents and teachers give a “plastic chip,” which he could then exchange for things he likes, such as ice cream, extra recess time, or television privileges. This rewarding strategy also used in therapy is called:
a. modeling
b. token economy
c. contracting
d. cognitive restructuring
9 - Clinton has a hard time consistently doing his homework. To help him out, his school teacher suggested that for every fifteen minutes Clint works on homework, his parents and teachers give a “plastic chip,” which he could then exchange for things he likes, such as ice cream, extra recess time, or television privileges. This rewarding strategy also used in therapy is called:
b. token economy
10 - Some people believe that intelligence and ability can change over time with experience. Dweck calls this ___?___. The goal of such people is not to prove their competence, but increase it, a strategy which refers to ____?____
a. entity theory; performance-oriented goals
b. a central trait; personal attributes
c. personal construct theory; anxiety
d. incremental theory; mastery-oriented goals
10 - Some people believe that intelligence and ability can change over time with experience. Dweck calls this ___?___. The goal of such people is not to prove their competence, but increase it, a strategy which refers to ____?____
d. incremental theory; mastery-oriented goals
11 - For ethical reasons, Dweck and colleagues could not address the children with negative feedbacks. Which of the following principle of the BPA’s ethical guidelines is especially involved in this case?
a. Voluntary participation
b. Right to confidentiality and privacy
c. Right to withdraw from the study
d. Informed consent
e. No physical harm, deception or psychological stress
11 - For ethical reasons, Dweck and colleagues could not address the children with negative feedbacks. Which of the following principle of the BPA’s ethical guidelines is especially involved in this case?
e. No physical harm, deception or psychological stress
12 - Your audio text reports an experiment by Lepper et al. (1973) on the effects of reward. In the study, children were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: an expected reward condition, an unexpected reward condition, or a no reward condition. The children in the ______?______ condition were more likely to lose their initial interest in the task.
a. no reward
b. unexpected reward
c. expected reward and no reward conditions
d. expected reward
12 - Your audio text reports an experiment by Lepper et al. (1973) on the effects of reward. In the study, children were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: an expected reward condition, an unexpected reward condition, or a no reward condition. The children in the ______?______ condition were more likely to lose their initial interest in the task.
d. expected reward
13 - The discipline of psychology that considers the whole life span in its entirety (birth to death) is termed:
a. Clinical psychology
b. Developmental psychology (now termed lifespan development)
c. Personality psychology
d. Social psychology
13 - The discipline of psychology that considers the whole life span in its entirety (birth to death) is termed:
b. Developmental psychology (now termed lifespan development)
14 - Prosocial behaviors such as helping and cooperation have been investigated by Warneken, Tomasello (2008) in small children. What are the main results? (see audio text No13)
a. All of these statements are false
b. They have shown that even very young children of just one year of age try to help other people on their own
c. All of these statements are correct
d. Compared with children who did not receive a reward, the rewarded children provided less and less assistance to an adult
e. Extrinsic motivational factors such as rewards may reduce even young children’s intrinsic desire to help others
14 - Prosocial behaviors such as helping and cooperation have been investigated by Warneken, Tomasello (2008) in small children. What are the main results? (see audio text No13)
c. All of these statements are correct
15 - Which of the following terms refers to self-evaluations in the different domains of an individual’s life?
a. Self-control
b. Self-esteem
c. Self-awareness
d. Self-concept
15 - Which of the following terms refers to self-evaluations in the different domains of an individual’s life?
d. Self-concept
