Examen Juin 2017 Flashcards
Q1 – Merging two organizations into one can result in a lot of problems between the two former organizational groups. What is the best way to reduce intergroup bias ?
a. Encourage personal contact between individuals and former out-group members (decategorization)
b. Distract attention from group differences (the color-blindness approach)
c. There is no uniformly best way to reduce intergroup bias
d. Have the two groups share common goals, while they can simultaneously maintian their own social identity
Q1 – Merging two organizations into one can result in a lot of problems between the two former organizational groups. What is the best way to reduce intergroup bias ?
a. Encourage personal contact between individuals and former out-group members (decategorization)
Q2 – If an African-American woman has recently had her femininity made salient to her, she will think more of herself as a woman than as an African-American at that particular time. To what concept could you refer to describe this reaction ?
a. Uncertainty Reduction
b. Distinctiveness
c. Terror Management
d. Social dominance
Q2 – If an African-American woman has recently had her femininity made salient to her, she will think more of herself as a woman than as an African-American at that particular time. To what concept could you refer to describe this reaction ?
b. Distinctiveness
Q3 – In Laurin, Kay, and Moscovitch’s study, when individuals receive information that implies that events might be random rather than structured, they become more inclined to believe the world is controlled by a God. This result could be explained by
a. Uncertainty Reduction theory
b. Distinctiveness theory
c. Terror Management theory
d. Social dominance theory
Q3 – In Laurin, Kay, and Moscovitch’s study, when individuals receive information that implies that events might be random rather than structured, they become more inclined to believe the world is controlled by a God. This result could be explained by
a. Uncertainty Reduction theory
Q4. Experiments using this approach have revealed that even arbitrary and virtually meaningless distinctions between groups (e.g. the color of their shirts) can trigger a tendency to favor one’s own group at the expense of others. This approach is called
a. Self-fulfilling prophecy
b. Distinctiveness
c. Minimal Group Paradigm
d. Outgroup derogation
Q4. Experiments using this approach have revealed that even arbitrary and virtually meaningless distinctions between groups (e.g. the color of their shirts) can trigger a tendency to favor one’s own group at the expense of others. This approach is called
c. Minimal Group Paradigm
Q5. In Lepper and colleagues’ study, children were randomly assigned to three different experimental groups : The children in the ___ ? ___ condition were more likely to lose their initial interest in the task
a. expected reward
b. unexpected reward
c. no reward
d. none of the above
Q5. In Lepper and colleagues’ study, children were randomly assigned to three different experimental groups : The children in the ___ ? ___ condition were more likely to lose their initial interest in the task
a. expected reward
Q6. Carol Dweck defines the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves (e.g. intelligence) as
a. Self-efficacy
b. Mindset
c. Metacognition
d. Mind map
Q6. Carol Dweck defines the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves (e.g. intelligence) as
b. Mindset
Q7. Some people believe that personal qualities such as intelligence and ability are fixed and unchangeable ; this belied makes such people anxious to prove that they are intelligent and able, and thus drives them to have performance goals. This definition refers to
a. learning theory
b. implicit theory
c. entity theory
d. incremental theory
Q7. Some people believe that personal qualities such as intelligence and ability are fixed and unchangeable ; this belied makes such people anxious to prove that they are intelligent and able, and thus drives them to have performance goals. This definition refers to
c. entity theory
Q8. According to Carol Dweck, statements like « Good girl », or « You’re so clever », could be characterized as ___ ? ___
a. Positive feedbacks
b. Negative feedbacks
c. Product-directed praise
d. Process-directed praise
e. Person-directed praise
Q8. According to Carol Dweck, statements like « Good girl », or « You’re so clever », could be characterized as ___ ? ___
e. Person-directed praise
Q9. Some people believe that intelligence and ability can change over time with experience. Dweck calls this ___ ? ___ . The goal of such people is not to prove their competence, but increase it, a strategy which refers to ___ ? ___
a. entity theory ; performance-oriented goals
b. incremental theory ; mastery-oriented goals
c. personal construct theory ; anxiety
d. a central trait ; personal attributes
Q9. Some people believe that intelligence and ability can change over time with experience. Dweck calls this ___ ? ___ . The goal of such people is not to prove their competence, but increase it, a strategy which refers to ___ ? ___
b. incremental theory ; mastery-oriented goals
Q10. Among the following statements, which one is a disadvantage of DSM classification ?
a. The DSM provides a « special language » for behavioral disorders i.e. identifies and describes clear and distinct disorders
b. The illusion that naming a disorder explains it
c. If an individual’s problem is accurately described, prognosis and treatment are more easily decided
d. DSM facilitates formation of differential diagnosis
e. All of the above
f. None of the above
Q10. Among the following statements, which one is a disadvantage of DSM classification ?
b. The illusion that naming a disorder explains it
Q11. What organization publishes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ?
a. American Psychological Association
b. American Psychiatric Association
c. American Medical Association
d. National Alliance for the Mentally III
Q11. What organization publishes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ?
b. American Psychiatric Association
Q12. This requires an individual to present with only a subset of characteristics from a larger list
a. categorical criteria set
b. multiaxial set
c. polythetic criteria set
d. dimensional criteria set
Q12. This requires an individual to present with only a subset of characteristics from a larger list
c. polythetic criteria set
Q13. ___ ? ___ is a forecast about the probable course of an illness
a. Prognosis
b. Diagnosis
c. Maladaptive behavior
d. Deviance
Q13. ___ ? ___ is a forecast about the probable course of an illness
a. Prognosis
Q14. What is the discipline that focuses on individual and group processes within organizations and is concerned with the factors that affect such outcomes as job satisfaction, motivation, work effectiveness, and quality of working life ? (Also includes leadership style, decision-making, and organizational development).
a. Job analysis
b. Engineering psychology
c. Personnel psychology
d. Organizational psychology
Q14. What is the discipline that focuses on individual and group processes within organizations and is concerned with the factors that affect such outcomes as job satisfaction, motivation, work effectiveness, and quality of working life ? (Also includes leadership style, decision-making, and organizational development).
d. Organizational psychology
Q15. ___ ? ___ support is the provision of advice and suggestions that a person can use to address problems whereas ___ ? ___ support involves the provision of information that is useful for self-evaluation purposes- constructive feedback and affirmation
a. emotional ; instrumental
b. informational ; appraisal
c. instrumental ; informational
d. appraisal ; emotional
Q15. ___ ? ___ support is the provision of advice and suggestions that a person can use to address problems whereas ___ ? ___ support involves the provision of information that is useful for self-evaluation purposes- constructive feedback and affirmation
b. informational ; appraisal
Q16. ___ ? ___ may occur after exposure to a traumatic event, for instance, a physical aggression or an accident.
a. Eustress
b. Distress
c. Catatrophic stress
d. Acute stress
Q16. ___ ? ___ may occur after exposure to a traumatic event, for instance, a physical aggression or an accident.
d. Acute stress
Q17. Ali, a war veteran, has had nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety attacks for the past three years. Ali is most likely suffering from ___ ? ___
a. acute stress disorder
b. bipolar disorder
c. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
d. catastrophic stress
Q17. Ali, a war veteran, has had nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety attacks for the past three years. Ali is most likely suffering from ___ ? ___
c. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Q18. Which ressources situated and analysed at the level of the task could reduce job demands and consequently buffer the effects of stress at work ?
a. Autonomy and skiss variety
b. Role clarity
c. supervisory style and coworker support
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Q18. Which ressources situated and analysed at the level of the task could reduce job demands and consequently buffer the effects of stress at work ?
a. Autonomy and skiss variety
Q19. Sholars consider that burnout is a three stage process, but in what order ?
a. cyniscism, reduced personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion
b. reduced personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, cyniscism
c. emotional exhaustion, cyniscism, reduced personal accomplishment
d. emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment, cyniscism
Q19. Sholars consider that burnout is a three stage process, but in what order ?
c. emotional exhaustion, cyniscism, reduced personal accomplishment
Q20. After having evaluated the video game addiction, we know now that
a. Violent video games are not the only reason for increasing social violence
b. Violent video games are to blame for the increasing social violence
c. Violent video games and TV programs have nothing to do with social violence
d. We have no idea what violent video games provoke to our brain
Q20. After having evaluated the video game addiction, we know now that
a. Violent video games are not the only reason for increasing social violence
Q21. How would you define Jacob’s general theory of addiction ?
a. Any activity that has the capacity to be either arousing and/or relaxing, and that can allow a person to be distracted from his/her normal life, is likely to be engaged in excessively by some individuals.
b. An addicted person takes part in the chosen activity to confront his/herself to the reality of existence.
c. The relation between an individual and his/her addictive behavior is rooted in a need to increase or decrease arousal levels.
d. Both answers A and B are correct
e. Both answers A and C are correct
f. Both answers B and C are correct
Q21. How would you define Jacob’s general theory of addiction ?
e. Both answers A and C are correct
a. Any activity that has the capacity to be either arousing and/or relaxing, and that can allow a person to be distracted from his/her normal life, is likely to be engaged in excessively by some individuals.
c. The relation between an individual and his/her addictive behavior is rooted in a need to increase or decrease arousal levels.
Q22. According to Daphné Bavelier, what percentage of school-aged individuals are playing video games ?
a. 60%
b. 70%
c. 80%
d. 90%
Q22. According to Daphné Bavelier, what percentage of school-aged individuals are playing video games ?
d. 90%
Q23. According to Daphné Bavelier, what impact do videogames have on gamers’ vision in comparison with non-players one’s ?
a. Non-playeurs have a better vision than videogamers
b. Videogamers have a better vision than non-players
c. There’s no difference between Videogamers’ and non-players’ vision
d. Screen time makes your eye sight worse
Q23. According to Daphné Bavelier, what impact do videogames have on gamers’ vision in comparison with non-players one’s ?
b. Videogamers have a better vision than non-players
Q24. What is the difference between gamers and non-players when you compare their performance on this test consisting in naming a color printed in a color differing from the color expressed by the word’s semantic meaning (e.g. the word « red » printed in blue ink) ?
a. Naming the color of the word takes longer for gamers
b. Gamers are more prone to errors than when the color of the ink matches the name of the color
c. Naming the color of the word takes longer for non-players i.e. non-players are more prone to errors than when the color of the ink matches the name of the color
d. There’s no difference between gamers and non-players for this type of task
Q24. What is the difference between gamers and non-players when you compare their performance on this test consisting in naming a color printed in a color differing from the color expressed by the word’s semantic meaning (e.g. the word « red » printed in blue ink) ?
c. Naming the color of the word takes longer for non-players i.e. non-players are more prone to errors than when the color of the ink matches the name of the color
Q25. Which general area(a) of the brain is/are especially activated when playing video games ?
a. The main changes are located in the network that controls attention (parietal lobe, frontal lobe and anterior cingulate)
b. The main changes are located in the network that controls emotions and memory (limbic lobe)
c. The main changes are located in the network that controls senses of smell and sound (temporal lobe)
d. There’s no activated area of the brain
Q25. Which general area(a) of the brain is/are especially activated when playing video games ?
a. The main changes are located in the network that controls attention (parietal lobe, frontal lobe and anterior cingulate)
Exercise 1 : True or False ? : Dites si les énoncés sont vrais ou faux (5 points) :
- Dimensional approaches to diagnosis were introduced in DSM-5
- DSM-5 continues to use the multiaxial diagnostic system first introduced in DSM-IV-TR
- We no longer use the term mental retardation. We diagnose intellectual disability
- Studies suggest that psychologists diagnose clients differently depending on how they pay for treatment
- The authors of the DSM-5 has been universally praised for the care that was taken to avoid the overexpansion of mental disorders and overdiagnosis
Exercise 1 : True or False ? : Dites si les énoncés sont vrais ou faux (5 points) :
- Dimensional approaches to diagnosis were introduced in DSM-5 : False
- DSM-5 continues to use the multiaxial diagnostic system first introduced in DSM-IV-TR : False
- We no longer use the term mental retardation. We diagnose intellectual disability : True
- Studies suggest that psychologists diagnose clients differently depending on how they pay for treatment : True
- The authors of the DSM-5 has been universally praised for the care that was taken to avoid the overexpansion of mental disorders and overdiagnosis : False
Q26. I ___ ? ___ all night long, and I must get some sleep, or else I ___ ? ___ asleep during the exam.
a. have been studying / will fall
b. was studying / fall
c. am studying / was falling
d. studied / have fallen
e. study / am going to fall
Q26. I ___ ? ___ all night long, and I must get some sleep, or else I ___ ? ___ asleep during the exam.
a. have been studying / will fall
Q27. We think the project, ___ ? ___ relies on everyone making an effort, will be successful.
a. what
b. that
c. for which
d. which
e. where
Q27. We think the project, ___ ? ___ relies on everyone making an effort, will be successful.
d. which
Q28. ___ ? ___ of the films of Stanley Kubrick has ___ ? ___ distinctive about it.
a. Each / something
b. Some / nothing
c. The whole / whatever
d. Every one / anything
e. All / everything
Q28. ___ ? ___ of the films of Stanley Kubrick has ___ ? ___ distinctive about it.
a. Each / something
Q29. There may be catastrophic climate change ___ ? ___ people don’t recognize and combat the dangers of global warming.
a. just as
b. therefore
c. if only
d. due to
e. provided that
Q29. There may be catastrophic climate change ___ ? ___ people don’t recognize and combat the dangers of global warming.
e. provided that
Q30. You ___ ? ___ to Bali in the hight season unless you ___ ? ___ reservations.
a. don’t go / will make
b. can’t go / were making
c. haven’t gone / would make
d. shouldn’t go / have made
e. wouldn’t go / make
Q30. You ___ ? ___ to Bali in the hight season unless you ___ ? ___ reservations.
d. shouldn’t go / have made
Q31. I ___ ? ___ you about Rey’s wedding, but I thought you’d already heard about it.
a. must have told
b. will have told
c. would have told
d. may have told
e. could be telling
Q31. I ___ ? ___ you about Rey’s wedding, but I thought you’d already heard about it.
c. would have told
Q32. The moment I saw the bus stop ahead, I started to run ___ ? ___ I could in order to catch it.
a. faster than
b. too fast that
c. fast enough
d. as fast as
e. so fast that
Q32. The moment I saw the bus stop ahead, I started to run ___ ? ___ I could in order to catch it.
d. as fast as
Q33. It is ___ ? ___ fun to take photographs on a digital camera because you can see them right away.
a. much more
b. too much
c. so many
d. several
e. such a lot
Q33. It is ___ ? ___ fun to take photographs on a digital camera because you can see them right away.
a. much more
Q34. Many biologists and environmental activists ___ ? ___ that too many whales ___ ? ___ every year.
a. have been arguing / killed
b. are argued / have been killed
c. are arguing / will be killing
d. were argued / are killed
e. argue / are being killed
Q34. Many biologists and environmental activists ___ ? ___ that too many whales ___ ? ___ every year.
e. argue / are being killed
Q35. The Mayan civilization ___ ? ___ to exist long before the first Europeans ___ ? ___ in the Americas.
a. was ceasing / will arrive
b. has ceased / would arrive
c. had been ceasing / have arrived
d. ceased / are arriving
e. had ceased / arrived
Q35. The Mayan civilization ___ ? ___ to exist long before the first Europeans ___ ? ___ in the Americas.
e. had ceased / arrived
Q36. ___ ? ___ you have graduated from university and started working, you will realize ___ ? ___ fun it was being a student.
a. Hardly / what
b. When / so
c. Not only / that
d. Once / how much
e. How / so much
Q36. ___ ? ___ you have graduated from university and started working, you will realize ___ ? ___ fun it was being a student.
d. Once / how much
Q37. By the time we ___ ? ___ by a passing fishing boat, none of us ___ ? ___ for three days.
a. were being rescued / ate
b. were rescued / had eaten
c. have been rescued / were eating
d. are rescued / have eaten
e. had been rescued / are eating
Q37. By the time we ___ ? ___ by a passing fishing boat, none of us ___ ? ___ for three days.
b. were rescued / had eaten
