Exam - Welfare Issues and Solutions 2

Question 1

advantages of box stalls for horses

Answer 1

• individual feeding
• hygienic
• safe for horses
• safe for humans
• protection from elements

Question 2

disadvantages of box stalls for horses

Answer 2

• limited social contact
• limited exercise
• limited opportunity to perform natural behaviours

Question 3

for horse exercise, what is the structure for operant conditioning

Answer 3

food: 258 panel presses
large paddock alone: 38
small paddock with other horses: 95

Question 4

2 choice test for horses result

Answer 4

6 out of 8 horses chose to return to stall instead of 20 min on treadmill

Question 5

alternative system for horse housing

Answer 5

open barn with free access to outside
outdoor living with shelter
active stable

Question 6

what percentage are tie stalls present in Canada

Answer 6

73%

Question 7

what percentage are tie stalls present in USA

Answer 7

62%

Question 8

what percentage are tie stalls present in Norway

Answer 8

88%

Question 9

what percentage are tie stalls present in Sweden

Answer 9

75%

Question 10

advantages of tie stalls in cows

Answer 10

efficient in terms of space
convenient
reduced competition

Question 11

disadvantages of tie stalls in cows

Answer 11

limited social contact
limited exercise
limited exploration

Question 12

how can welfare be improved for cows in tie stalls

Answer 12

periodic access to outdoors

Question 13

what occurs when tie-stall cows have access to regular exercise

Answer 13

hock injuries are reduced
total rising time is reduced

Question 14

alternative systems to tie-stall

Answer 14

free stall - with or without access to outside
bedded pack - with or without access to outside

Question 15

what is a requirement in organic production

Answer 15

pasture and open air outdoor access

Question 16

what does pasture provide

Answer 16

fresh air and sun
exercise
fresh forage
clean and comfortable lying surface
natural behaviours

Question 17

how many lactating cows have access to pasture in Canada

Answer 17

30%

Question 18

how many dry cows have access to pasture in Canada

Answer 18

60%

Question 19

how many lactating cows are pastured in USA

Answer 19

5%

Question 20

how many dairy cows have access to pasture in the Netherlands

Answer 20

70%

Question 21

what does pasture promote

Answer 21

positive affective states

Question 22

cognitive bias

Answer 22

depending on affective state, animals will interpret new situations differently

Question 23

benefits of pasture in cows

Answer 23

• reduces foot problems and lameness
• reduces teat trampling, metritis, dystocia, ketosis, retained placenta
• reduces stall related injuries

Question 24

do cows prefer pasture or to be inside

Answer 24

studies show that they consistently choose to be inside

Question 25

benefits of turnout for horses

Answer 25

associated with a reduced risk of locomotor stereotypies like weaving/stall walking associated with reduced oral sterotypies

Question 26

cow behaviour and heat stress

Answer 26

- posture and activities under and outside structure - time spent at the trough - vaginal temperature - milk production

Question 27

how much time to cows spend in shade

Answer 27

40.8% of the observation time

Question 28

why do pigs wallow

Answer 28

- thermoregulation - skin care/ grooming - health - sexual behaviour - anti-predator behaviour - social behaviour - resting - play - pleasure

Question 29

what is wallow use associated with

Answer 29

THI in gestation but not in lactation

Question 30

pest flies

Answer 30

house fly horn fly face fly stable fly

Question 31

what is a method of fly control

Answer 31

essential oils

Question 32

what are some other effects of essential oil treatment

Answer 32

- less bunching - more grazing - less travelling

Question 33

other methods of fly control in horses

Answer 33

fly masks and sheets mutual fly swatting