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Immunology > Exam III REVIEW QUESTIONS > Flashcards

Exam III REVIEW QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for Scleroderma?

A

Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (PSS)

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2
Q

What is the pathogenesis of scleroderma? Namely: is it a malignancy of fibroblasts? What do fibroblasts produce?

A

It is NOT a malignancy of fibroblasts, but its fibroblasts gone wild..They produce too much collagen

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3
Q

What are the 5 features of CREST syndrome?

A

C: Calcinosis R:Reynaud Phenominon E:Esophageal Dysfunction S:Sclerodactyly T:Telangiectasia

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4
Q

What are the two ANA’s (AutoaNtibody Association) for SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)? What percentage diagnosis can you achieve with these two ANAs?

A
  1. Anti-Double Stranded DNA (Native DNA) 2. Anti-Smith…90% diagnosis
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5
Q

What are the two ANA’s in Sjogren’s Syndrome?

A
  1. Anti SS-A 2. Anti-SS-B
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6
Q

What is the ANA for PSS (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis)? AND its abbreviation..

A

Anti-DNA-topoisomerase (Scl-70): PSS

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7
Q

What are the 2 major differences between Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis?

A
  1. Derma=microANGIOpathy vs Poly=no angiopathy 2. Derma=EYELID (heliotropic) rash vs Poly=no eyelid (heliotropic) rash
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8
Q

What is the CREST variant ANA? How is this different from the ANA of the “parent” condition of CREST (PSS)?

A

CREST: AntiCentromere vs PSS: [[MAIN ONE:Scl-70]], nucleolar antibodies, nonhistone nuclear protein (and anticentromere)

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9
Q

Which autoimmune disease is associated with visceral malignancies (lungs, colon, stomach…)?

A

Poly-Myo-Sitis/Derm-ato-Myo-Sitis

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10
Q

Which autoimmune disease has a 40x increased risk for malignant lymphoma?

A

S-Jo-gren Syndrome

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11
Q

What are the 3 factors most related to the cause of SLE?

A
  1. ESTROGEN (women) 2.GENETICS 3.RACE: Black Women
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12
Q

What are the 5 ANA Fluorescent Staining Patterns?

A
  1. Homogenous (diffuse) 2. Rim 3. Speckled 4.Nucleolar 5.Centromere
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13
Q

What is the mildest form/best prognosis of Lupus Nephritis?

A

Mes-an-gial Lupus

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14
Q

Lupus Path: Result of Lupus in Serous Membrane?

A

Serous Membrane: pleuritis

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15
Q

Lupus Path: Result of Lupus in lungs?

A

Pneumonia, fibrosis, pleural disease

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16
Q

What is the most common manifestation of Lupus?

A

Joints! 90% of pt have Poly-arth-ralgia

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17
Q

Result of lupus in kidney?

A

Glomer-ulo-neph-ritis 3/4 of pt’s

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18
Q

Result of Lupus in the heart (2)? BOARDS!

A

Pericarditis, LIBMAN-SACKS ENDOCARDITIS

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19
Q

Result of Lupus on the Brain?

A

Vasculitis leading to hemorrage and infarction…Psychoses, depression, mood change, seizures

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20
Q

Result of lupus on Spleen? UNIQUE!

A

ONION-SKIN pattern around small arteries

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21
Q

Which 2 autoimmune diseases are related to Raynaud’s phenomenon?

A

SLE, PSS

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22
Q

What are the 3 drugs that can cause Lupus like symptoms?

A
  1. PRO-CAIN-AMIDE 2.HYDRAL-AZ-INE 3. I-SON-IA-ZID
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23
Q

What is the different ANA associated with Drug induced lupus?

A

HISTONES! (double stranded and smith do not show up)

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24
Q

What are the 3 the skin manifestations of lupus?

A

butterfly rash, hair loss, oral mucosa ulcerations

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25
Q

What are the three manifestations of lupus on the blood?

A

Anemia, LeukoPenia, ThromboCytoPenia

26
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Agammaglobulinemia of Bruton? (3 steps)

A
  1. Defect on X chromosome therefore 2. No B-Cell Tyrosine Kinase 3. No Pre-B-Cells —> B-Cell maturation
27
Q

What are the 4 physical features of DiGeorges Syndrome?

A
  1. MicroCephaly 2.Mouth (cleft lip/palate) 3.Ears (low set) 4. Face
28
Q

Which embryological structures failed to form correctly in DiGeorges?

A

3rd and 4th pharyngeal POUCHES (Thymus and Parathyroids!)

29
Q

Which immune cell type is deficient in Agammaglobulinemia of Bruton? Which immune cell type is fine?

A

No B cells! (Bruton= NO B-cells)…Tcells are fine so you ONLY have a problem handling BACTERIAL infections!

30
Q

What’s another name for the SWISS type Agammaglobulinemia?

A

SCID (Severe Combined ImmunoDeficiency)

31
Q

What is the round part of the lollipop protein on HIV?

A

gp120

32
Q

What is the stem of the lollipop protein on HIV?

A

gp41

33
Q

What is the INNER capsid of the HIV?

A

p24 capsid

34
Q

What is the layer in-between the capsid and the lipid by layer of HIV?

A

p17 matrix

35
Q

his quote: “which HIV protein is on the outer envelope?”

A

gp41

36
Q

What is the most common cause of meningitis in AIDS pts?

A

The FUNGUS: CRYPTOcoccus……Cryptococus=they soon go into the CRYPT :(

37
Q

What KIND of virus is the HIV? Which 2 immune cells does it most affect?

A

Its a RETROVIRUS…CD4+ T cells (#1!!!) and Macrophages (and therefore DENDRITES, MICROGLIAL cells)

38
Q

What is the most common cause of death via lung infection for an AIDS pt? 5

A
  1. Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) 2.TB to a lesser extent 3.Pneumocystis Carinii 4.Aspergillus 5.Candida
39
Q

What are the 2 methods of HIV transmission?

A

1.The transfer of BODILY FLUIDS (Blood, Sperm, Vaginal Secretions…SEX namely) 2. MATERNOFETAL (across the placenta, breast milk, vaginal tract) MINOR WOUNDS (like the possibility in healthcare have a .3% chance of transmission!!)

40
Q

Out of our three immune systems… Which system is depressed with the HIV attack on Tcells?

A

BOTH Cell-Mediated (T-cell’s) and Complement (T-cells + B-cells) (but not humoral-just Bcells)

41
Q

Which type(s) of transmission is more likely? Male to Male, Male to Female, or Female to Male?

A

Male to Male and Male to Female are 20x more common then female to male transmission in the US

42
Q

What are the 4 neoplasms associated with AIDS?

A
  1. Kaposi Sarcoma (angiosarcoma) 2. B-cell non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma 3. Primary Lymphoma of the Brain=(1,000 TIMES more frequent in HIV+ pt’s!!!!) (4.Cervix didn’t talk about much)
43
Q

For the ELISA test, which antibodies in the pt’s serum will bind to the given antigen? What happens next?

A

IgG’s, If there are IgG’s present a SECOND antibody is present that is a COLOR indicator

44
Q

Which test, ELSIA or Western blot is presumptive? Which one is confirmatory?

A

Elisa=presumptive (can be used for different infections), Western blot= confirms the HIV presence

45
Q

What is the unique step to Western Blot that Elisa does not do?

A

Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (“blotted” from gel to paper, hence the name!)

46
Q

What is the threshold for the CD4+ Tcell count to confirm HIV+ has progressed to AIDS?

A

<200 CD4 T-cells/mm3

47
Q

What are the 6 organisms that can cause diarrhea/dehydration in AIDS Pt’s? BOOM!

A

1.Crypto-Sporidium, 2.Iso-spora, 3.Candia, 4.CMV (CytoMegaloVirus), 5.Herpes, (6.TB, 7.MAC mainly lungs, but the slide said these associate w GI)

48
Q

What are the characteristic nodules of AIDS encephalopathy?

A

MicroGlial Nodules (multinucleated giant cells)

49
Q

At which phase do Opportunistic organisms take over the AIDS pt?

A

Final/Crisis Phase (3rd phase)

50
Q

At which phase does the patient carry HIV and is infectious, but is asymptomatic?

A

Chronic Phase (2nd phase)

51
Q

Which phase is associated with “smoldering, low level HIV production”?

A

Chronic Phase (2nd Phase)

52
Q

Clinically, which phase is the pt in with acute illness?

A

Acute Phase (1st phase)

53
Q

Clinically, which phase is associated with persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy?

A

Chrnic phase (2nd)

54
Q

Clinically, which phase incorporates those with other diseases superimposed on the viral infection?

A

Final/Crisis (3rd)

55
Q

Which phase might the pt develop antibodies to HIV?

A

Acute Phase (1st)

56
Q

What is the make up of Amyloid?

A

95% fibrillar proteins, 5% glycoproteins arranged into Beta-pleated sheets

57
Q

What substance is an amorphous eosinphilic hyaline-appearing exracellular substance, that causes pressure and atrophy to adjacent cells?

A

Amyloid!

58
Q

What is the stain that is used to show Amyloid presence in a tissue?

A

Congo Red Stain

59
Q

Which neurological disease goes “hand in hand” with amyloidosis?

A

Alz-Hei-Mer’s

60
Q

The association of HIV and HHV-8 causes?

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

61
Q

The association of HIV and HPV causes?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the CERVIX

62
Q

What are the ENVIRONMENTAL factors for SLE?

A

UV light, Infection (epstein barr), silica dust

Immunology (10 decks)

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