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E1-Histology of Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the blood SERUM?

A

serum = plasma - clotting factors

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2
Q

What do you use to prevent blood clotting?

A

Hep-ar-in

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3
Q

How much of the blood is cellular? How much is plasma?

A

45% cellular….55% plasma

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4
Q

What is another name for the cellular portion of the blood?

A

Hematocrit

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5
Q

What % of the hematocrit are the RBCs? WBCs? What is the nickname for the WBCs sitting atop the RBCs post centrifuge?

A

RBCs = 44%, WBC = 1% on the “Buffy Coat”

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6
Q

What are the three main plasma proteins we discussed?

A

Albumins, Globulins, and Fibrinogen

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7
Q

What is the most abundant plasma protein? what is its fxn?

A

Albumin, transports fatty acids and other insolubles

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8
Q

What are the four categories of globulins?

A

Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta, and Gamma

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9
Q

Which category of globulin includes the antibodies?

A

Gamma

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10
Q

What does fibrinogen form during the clotting process?

A

Fibrin

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11
Q

What are the three classes of blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Thrombocytes (AKA Platelets!!)

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12
Q

What are the two categories of leukocytes?

A

Granulocytes and Non-Granulocytes

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13
Q

What are the three granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

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14
Q

What are the 2 non granulocytes?

A

Monocytes & Lymphocytes

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15
Q

What cell is the hallmark (catalina wine mixers) of Acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophil (Neutralize the damage!)

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16
Q

What cell is the hallmark of chronic inflammation?

A

Lymphocyte (the Payton Manning of cells, QB)

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17
Q

What is the MOTHER cell of the platelets?

A

MegaKaryOcyte

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18
Q

What are the two organs involved in fetal hematapoesis? (they can start again in dire straights)

A

Liver and Spleen

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19
Q

Embryology flash back: where does hematapoesis begin in the embryological beginnings?

A

The YOLK SAC islands

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20
Q

How long do RBCs live?

A

120 Days

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21
Q

What about the shape signals death for a RBC?

A

It loses the biconcave shape

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22
Q

Where does the old RBC get taken to pasture?

A

the spleen

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23
Q

What are the three components of the RBC that get recycled?

A
  1. Iron 2. globin 3. heme
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24
Q

What happens to the iron after an old RBC is taken to pasture? What 2 molecules does the iron use for transport?

A

the iron gets sent back to the BONE MARROW for use in new RBCs! It is transported by Ferritin & Hem-o-sid-er-in

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25
What happens to the Globin after an old RBC is taken out to pasture?
the Globin gets broken down to its AAs and they are recycled
26
What happens to the heme after an old RBC is taken out to pasture?
the heme is converted to BILIRUBIN
27
What two substances does bilirubin get converted to if not being reused?
Uro-bilin-ogen (Pee) & Sterco-bilin-ogen (Poo)
28
How many Heavy Chain antibodies are there? you What are they? (*dont get this freggin wrong)
5. G.A.M.E.D. (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD)
29
Where are antibodies made? What are antibodies made of? What shape are antibodies?
WHERE: B-cells--->Plasma cells and produce antibodies MADE OF: glycoprotein SHAPE: Y
30
How many light chains are there for antibodies? What are they named?
2: Kappa and Lambda
31
Which antibodies show up the breast milk?
IgG & IgA
32
Which antibodies can cross the placenta?
IgG
33
How many IgG's are needed to start the complement system? How many IgM's?
2 IgG's and 1 IgM (c/o structure)
34
Which antibody binds to Eosinophils to help release histamine?
IgE (E for EOSINOPHIL!?)
35
What are the 4 places the secretory IgA antibody is found?
Tears, Saliva, Lumen of Gut, Nasal cavity.
36
What are the first two antibodies at the site of acute inflammation?
Alpha-1-AntiTrypsin & Alpha-2-MacroGlobulin
37
What are the _5_ names for a neutrophil?
1.BAND Neutrophil (sign of frequent production), 2. PMN's (PolyMorphoNuclear Leukocytes), 3. POLY's, 4. SEG's(Segmented Nuclei), 5. NEUT's
38
Which cell, when fighting infection, dies in large numbers creating pus?
Neutrophils
39
Granules of Neutrophils: What % of the granules in neutrophils are Specific? What are the two bactericidal substances contained in them?
80% of granules in neutrophils are "specific" granules... Phagocytin and Lysozyme
40
What's the term for a neutrophil granule that is larger and consists of lysosomes that contain peroxidases, acid hydrolyses, and acid phosphatase (all for antibacterial)?
Non-Specific granules!
41
Which two granulocytes have bi-lobed nuclei? Which granulocyte has multiple segmented nuclei?
Neutrophils have multi segmented nuclei...(up to five lobes after maturity), Eosinophils have a Bi-Lobed nucleus, BasoPhils have a bilobed nucleus
42
Which granulocyte is specialized for parasites and hypersensitivity?
Eosinophils!
43
What are the three nicknames for a monocyte once it enters the tissue?
Macrophages, Phagocytes, or Histiocytes in tissue
44
What does a basophil turn in to when it exits the circulation and enters the tissue?
Basophils are the same as MAST cells just in connective tissue
45
What specific bone marrow regions do we see hematapoesis?
flat bones of skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column, the pelvis, some proximal ends of long bones
46
What are the 6 cells of the Natural (innate) immunity?
1.Neutrophils 2.Macrophages/Monocytes 3. Natural Killer Cells 4. Mast Cells/Basophils 5. Dendritic Cells 6. Eosinophils
47
What is the main task of the neutrophil in natural immunity?
Phagocytosis and destroying of bacteria!
48
What is the main task of a Macrophage/Monocyte?
Long lived usually involved in CHRONIC inflammation!
49
What are monocytes called in the liver?
Kupffer Cells
50
What are monocytes called in the lungs?
Dust cells or heart failure cells
51
What are monocytes called in the brain?
Microglial Cells
52
What is the main function of Natural Killer Cells?
Attack VIRALLY infected cells!!!
53
What do NK cells secrete to help healthy cells not become infected by a virus?
Interferon
54
What two substances can bind to a mast cell/basophil to release cytokines and histamine?
IgE and/or The COMPLEX
55
What are dendritic cells in the skin?
Langerhans Cells
56
What are dendritic cells in the lymph nodes?
Interdigitating Cells
57
Which immune cell is the true "antigen presenting cell"?
Dendritic Cell
58
Which immune cell is a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity?
Dendritic!
59
What color is the dye Eosin? (as in eosinophil :))
Orange-Pink
60
What are the three major molecules of the innate system?
1. Complement 2. Acute Phase Proteins (Reactants) 3. Interferons

Immunology (10 decks)

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