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Immunology > E2- FEVER! > Flashcards

E2- FEVER! Flashcards

1
Q

What can each of these cause? Inflammation, Cancers, AutoImmune Disease, Exercise, and High Environment, Stroke, Heart Attack…

A

Each can cause a FEVER

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2
Q

What are the two classifications for fever due to infection?

A

local (abscess), or systemic (sepsis)

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3
Q

What was Acute Bacterial Endocarditis (ABE) and example of?

A

Systemic Infection

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4
Q

ASIDE: What is the bacterium to consider when doing an extraction?

A

Streptococcus Viridans

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5
Q

What are these examples of? Acute Leukemias, both Myelogenous and Lymphoblastic.
Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
Renal Cell Carcinomas and Hepatocellular Carcinomas
Primary Brain Tumors that effect temperature regulation in the Hypothalamus

A

Fever Causing Neoplasms

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6
Q

What are the two classifications of systemic inflammatory diseases that cause fever?

A

AUTOIMMUNE (Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, PAN) & GRANULOMATOUS (Sarcoidosis, Crohn’s Disease, Giant Cell-temporal-Arteritis)

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7
Q

What are 4 COMMON drugs that cause fever? (3 neuro drugs)

A

1.Antihistamines 2.AntiPsychotics 3.Tricyclic Antidepressants 4.Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)n

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8
Q

What ILLICIT drugs cause fever?

A

Cocaine, PCP, Meth, LSD

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9
Q

What is the genetic disorder that causes fever after administration of anesthetic?

A

Malignant HyperThermia (OS example, what Saro wrote his thesis on)

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10
Q

What is the fever caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic/anti-psychotic drugs?

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

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11
Q

What is the fever induced by the endocrine glands we recently discussed?

A

Hyperthyroidism and Pheo-chromo-cytoma(tumor in adrenal medulla)

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12
Q

BOARD Q: When looking at a FUO (fever unknown origin), Which three systems will you concentrate on (they are the most common)?

A

80% of infections: 1.Respiratory 2. Urinary 3.Skin/Soft Tissue (THE MAIN ENTRY POINTS TO THE CASTLE!)

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13
Q

What area of the brain regulates temperature? HOW?!

A

The Hypothalamus. VasoDilation and Sweating

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14
Q

What is the body temperature threshold for a fever diagnosis?

A

37 C (98.6 F)

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15
Q

What is the fever causing substance associated with fever caused by infection?

A

an Endogenous pyrogen

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16
Q

What is a pyrogen? Please don’t get this wrong..

A

Anything that causes a fever :)

17
Q

What are the Gram - pyrogens?

A

Endotoxins..aka…LipoPolySaccaride

18
Q

What are the Gram + pyrogens?

A

Enterotoxin

19
Q

What two things do pyrogens stimulate to cause fever?

A

The hypothalamus and Cytokines

20
Q

What are the 4 cytokines mainly involved in fever?

A

InterLeukins 1,2,&6, Tumor Necrosis Factor

21
Q

What are the 3 SENTINEL immune cells (the Watchmen)? What do they recognize? WHAT IS THE OFFICIAL NAME?

A
  1. Macrophages 3. Mast Cells 4. Dendritic Cells—they recognize structural molecules on microbes (like LPS)…OFFICIAL name: “Toll-Like Receptors”
22
Q

Who makes the cytokines? What do they do?

A

The TLR’s (toll-like receptors) make the cytokine and it signals other cells to come and eat.

23
Q

What do Interleukins 1 and 2 (IL-1,2) along with TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor stimulate in the hypothalamus?

A

The IF-1, IF-2, and TNF stimulate Prostaglandin (PGE-2) synthesis from the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center.

24
Q

How does Aspirin BLOCK fever?

A

Inhibits IL-1 from stimulating Prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamus

25
Q

What is the most common cause of death in ICUs?

A

Septic/Endotoxic Shock from Gram - (G+ and Fungus can also cause sepsis)

26
Q

What do all of these have in common? gram-negative bacteria such as E.coli, Proteus, Serratia, Pseudomonas, K. pneumoniae, and the anaerobe Bacteroides..

A

they all cause septic shock with their endotoxins

27
Q

What is the complex that binds to Toll-Like Receptors on WBCs causing the release of inflammatory markers?

A

LPS + LPS binding protein

28
Q

ASIDE: What does CD stand for in CD4, CD8, CD14?

A

Cluster Designation

29
Q

Is there a link between cancer and fever?

A

Possibly, some tumors thought to release pyrogens

30
Q

What are the three possible causes for the very rare hypothalamic fever?

A

head trauma, hemorrhage, or a tumor

31
Q

What is the source for the extremely rare malignant hyperthermia? Is it genetic?

A

yes, autosomal dominant…sarcoplasmic reticulum causes a rapid release of Ca2+

32
Q

What are the two anesthetics causing malignant hyperthermia?

A

Halothane and Succinylcholine

33
Q

Going back to Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome…what is the cause?

A

inhibition of central dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus

34
Q

What is the neutrophil count that signals acute inflammation?

A

An increase of 10,000 WBCs/mm3 —> to 12,000/15,000 WBCs/mm3

Immunology (10 decks)

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