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Immunology > E2-Inflam and Wound Healing > Flashcards

E2-Inflam and Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 signs of inflammation…IN LATIN PLEASE!

A

1.Calor 2.Rubor 3. Tumor 4.Dolor 5.Functio Laesa

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2
Q

In an autopsy, will dead tissue have inflammation?

A

NO! can tell if a site was injured before death by looking for inflammation!

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3
Q

What happens to pre capillary sphincters to get blood to a certain area?

A

The pre capillary sphincters OPEN in the area of the wound!

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4
Q

What are the “stacks” of RBCs? When does this happen?

A

Rouleaux formation.. One of the first steps!

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5
Q

What is it called when WBCs move to the blood vessel walls?

A

Margination

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6
Q

What is it called when WBCs stick to the vessel wall where they want to stop and heal?

A

Pavementing

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7
Q

What do WBCs make to help “pavement”?

A

Fibrin! for adhesion

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8
Q

What is the fibrin (and therefore adhesion) of the WBC stimulated by?

A

InterLeukins!

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9
Q

What is one of the most important triggers for the release of interleukins in inflammation?

A

The adhesion of WBCs to the endothelium!

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10
Q

What is it called when vessels become leaky and edema occurs in an area with lots of protein, but few cells?

A

TRANS-U-DATION

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11
Q

What is the difference between exudate and transudate?

A

Exudate=MORE proteins and Inflammatory cells….Trans-u-date=few cells

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12
Q

What is the first WBC on the site of inflammation? DONT GET THIS WRONG! Its the CATALINA WINE MIXER of acute inflammation..

A

PMN’s (neutrophils to NEUTRALIZE the damage!)

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13
Q

What do PMN use to MOVE through the endothelial wall?

A

PseudoPods

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14
Q

How do the WBCs move toward the pathogen?

A

Chemotaxis

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15
Q

What does the PMN use to recognize a pathogen and phagocytose it?

A

Its pseudopods once again..

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16
Q

For the process of Opsinization, what are the main receptors that the leukocytes snatch onto? What side of the AntiBody is it again?

A

Snatch onto C3b. the Fc portion of the complex on the bacteria

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17
Q

Why is PUS made? What is happening?

A

Neutrophils are SACRIFICING their lives!!! PUS is dead neutrophils :(

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18
Q

What are inflammations dominated by pus formation?

A

PUrulent

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19
Q

What are the two classifications of inflammation?

A

Acute (hours to days), and Chronic (more then days)

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20
Q

What are the two signs of acute inflammation?

A

PMNs and Fibrin

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21
Q

What are the hallmark cells of chronic inflammation?

A

Lymphocytes

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22
Q

What is a boil or a furuncle an example of?

A

Local Inflammation

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23
Q

What are SLE and Sepsis examples of?

A

Systemic Inflammation

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24
Q

What release PYROGENS that cause fever? What are the pyrogens again? :)

A

PMNs and Macrophages release IL’s and TNF’s

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25
Q

How does aspirin work again?

A

Block the release of Prostaglandins from the Hypothalamus

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26
Q

What is the threshold number of WBCs in the blood to signal Acute inflammation?

A

10,000 WBCs normally—>12,000 to 15,000 threshold

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27
Q

What is considered the MILDEST form of inflammation? What causes this type of inflammation?

A

Serous (why so serous!?)…its a BURN..think Serum (clear)

28
Q

What is a common virus that causes serous inflammation?

A

HerpesVirus=serum filled vesicles

29
Q

BOARD Q: What degree of burn can cause serous inflammation?

A

2nd Degree burn

30
Q

What is considered more severe inflammation?

A

Fibrinous exudate…think LEAKIER blood vessels for the bigger protein to fit thru!

31
Q

What is the awesome analogy for fibrinous inflammation? hint:it makes me want to eat!

A

Bread and Butter

32
Q

How do we get rid of fibrinous inflammation?

A

Macrophages can lyse the fibrin..TAKES long time

33
Q

What is the process of blood vessels filling the space occupied by fibrin with the goal of obliterating it? Is this considered a good or bad stage of inflammation?

A

Organization..it shows you are in BAD shape, but healing.

34
Q

What can happen if fibrinous inflammation occurs for a long time in the pericardial sac?

A

prevent heart expansion in diastole.. Shit. I hope thats not what is happening to me :)

35
Q

What are the main two bacteria triggering a Purulent inflammatory response?

A

Staph and Strep

36
Q

What is a localized collection of PUS with an organ or tissue? HUGE in dentistry!!!

A

An ABSCESS!

37
Q

What type of tissue encapsulates an abscess? HUGE In dentistry!!

A

Granulation Tissue!

38
Q

What happens if an abscess ruptures?

A

Forms a sinus!

39
Q

What are channels formed between two preexisting cavities and/ or the surface of the body? HUGE in dentistry!

A

A fistula!

40
Q

What is the accumulation of pus in an area that is already a body cavity?

A

Emp-Y-Ema

41
Q

BOARDS! Which disease has a fistula formation in the Gastro Intestinal Tract?

A

Chron’s Disease

42
Q

What is inflammation of body surfaces or mucosa of hollow organs?

A

Ulcerative Inflammation

43
Q

Wow, what type of inflammation combines: fibrinous, purulent, and ulcerative inflammation?

A

PseudoMembranous Inflammation

44
Q

What bacterium causes pseudomembranous colitis, caused by bacterial overgrowth secondary to intake of broad-spectrum antibiotics?

A

C. Difficile

45
Q

What are the three WBCs that signal chronic inflammation?

A

1.Lymphocyets BOOM! 2.Macrophages 3.Plasma Cells

46
Q

What is a very common occurrence from chronic inflammation?

A

scarring

47
Q

What is a special form of chronic inflammation that is NOT preceded by an acute, PMN mediated inflammation?

A

GRANULOMATOUS inflammation!

48
Q

What bacterial infection is the poster child for granulomatous inflammation?

A

TB

49
Q

What type of inflammation is associated with Ashoff’s Bodies in Rheumatic Heart Disease?

A

Granulamatous inflammation

50
Q

What do macrophages and lymphocytes morph into for a granulomatous inflammation? (part of walling off)

A

Epitheliod Cells

51
Q

What can the epitheliod cells of granulomas fuse to form?

A

Multi-Nucleated Giant Cells!

52
Q

What are type of cells are continuously healing cells? (2 names!)

A

Labile Cells aka Stem Cells

53
Q

What is another name for Quiescent Cells? Whats their story? Example?

A

Stable Cells..Dont readily divide, but can divide if stimulated..ex. Hepatic Cells

54
Q

BOARDS! Whats another name for Nondividing cells? What are two VERY important examples? And REPAIR of these examples?

A

Permanent Cells…DO NOT DIVIDE under any circumstances…EX. Neurons: repair by GLIOSIS and Myocardial Cells: repair by FIBROUS SCARRING.

55
Q

What do these bad boys have in common? Macrophages, Connective Tissue cells, and Epithelial cells?

A

Most important cells in wound healing!

56
Q

Which cells have the hybrid properties of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts?

A

MYO-FIBRO-BLASTS, Crazy name i know… They can CONTRACT to pull tissue together!

57
Q

What are the precursors of blood vessels?

A

AngioBlasts

58
Q

What are the cells that produce most of the Extra Cellular Matrix? What are two examples?

A

Fibroblasts! 1. FibroNecTin=glue 2.Collagen III–>I

59
Q

BOARD: What is the initial type of collagen laid? What does it mature into (MOST of the time)?

A

Type III—>Type I

60
Q

What is the Granulation tissue equation?

A

Collagen + AngioGenesis = Granulation tissue

61
Q

What is the progression of the incision healing you made in the pt’s mouth?

A

PMN’s—>Macrophages–>Myofibrils,Angioblasts, fibroblasts

62
Q

What is the final collagenous structure of wound healing?

A

A scar!

63
Q

What Intention is surgical intervention? What intention is larger trauma intention?

A

Primary Intention=Surgical, Secondary=Trauma

64
Q

What hormone can cause incomplete wound healing?

A

Corticosteroids (CORTISOL!)

65
Q

What is separation of the wound margins?

A

DE-HIS-CENCE

66
Q

What forms from excess scar formation? What type of collagen remains?

A

Kel-Oids..Type III does not mature to I.

Immunology (10 decks)

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