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Immunology > E2-Inflam and Wound Healing > Flashcards

E2-Inflam and Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 signs of inflammation…IN LATIN PLEASE!

A

1.Calor 2.Rubor 3. Tumor 4.Dolor 5.Functio Laesa

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2
Q

In an autopsy, will dead tissue have inflammation?

A

NO! can tell if a site was injured before death by looking for inflammation!

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3
Q

What happens to pre capillary sphincters to get blood to a certain area?

A

The pre capillary sphincters OPEN in the area of the wound!

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4
Q

What are the “stacks” of RBCs? When does this happen?

A

Rouleaux formation.. One of the first steps!

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5
Q

What is it called when WBCs move to the blood vessel walls?

A

Margination

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6
Q

What is it called when WBCs stick to the vessel wall where they want to stop and heal?

A

Pavementing

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7
Q

What do WBCs make to help “pavement”?

A

Fibrin! for adhesion

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8
Q

What is the fibrin (and therefore adhesion) of the WBC stimulated by?

A

InterLeukins!

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9
Q

What is one of the most important triggers for the release of interleukins in inflammation?

A

The adhesion of WBCs to the endothelium!

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10
Q

What is it called when vessels become leaky and edema occurs in an area with lots of protein, but few cells?

A

TRANS-U-DATION

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11
Q

What is the difference between exudate and transudate?

A

Exudate=MORE proteins and Inflammatory cells….Trans-u-date=few cells

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12
Q

What is the first WBC on the site of inflammation? DONT GET THIS WRONG! Its the CATALINA WINE MIXER of acute inflammation..

A

PMN’s (neutrophils to NEUTRALIZE the damage!)

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13
Q

What do PMN use to MOVE through the endothelial wall?

A

PseudoPods

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14
Q

How do the WBCs move toward the pathogen?

A

Chemotaxis

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15
Q

What does the PMN use to recognize a pathogen and phagocytose it?

A

Its pseudopods once again..

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16
Q

For the process of Opsinization, what are the main receptors that the leukocytes snatch onto? What side of the AntiBody is it again?

A

Snatch onto C3b. the Fc portion of the complex on the bacteria

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17
Q

Why is PUS made? What is happening?

A

Neutrophils are SACRIFICING their lives!!! PUS is dead neutrophils :(

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18
Q

What are inflammations dominated by pus formation?

A

PUrulent

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19
Q

What are the two classifications of inflammation?

A

Acute (hours to days), and Chronic (more then days)

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20
Q

What are the two signs of acute inflammation?

A

PMNs and Fibrin

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21
Q

What are the hallmark cells of chronic inflammation?

A

Lymphocytes

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22
Q

What is a boil or a furuncle an example of?

A

Local Inflammation

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23
Q

What are SLE and Sepsis examples of?

A

Systemic Inflammation

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24
Q

What release PYROGENS that cause fever? What are the pyrogens again? :)

A

PMNs and Macrophages release IL’s and TNF’s

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25
How does aspirin work again?
Block the release of Prostaglandins from the Hypothalamus
26
What is the threshold number of WBCs in the blood to signal Acute inflammation?
10,000 WBCs normally--->12,000 to 15,000 threshold
27
What is considered the MILDEST form of inflammation? What causes this type of inflammation?
Serous (why so serous!?)...its a BURN..think Serum (clear)
28
What is a common virus that causes serous inflammation?
HerpesVirus=serum filled vesicles
29
BOARD Q: What degree of burn can cause serous inflammation?
2nd Degree burn
30
What is considered more severe inflammation?
Fibrinous exudate...think LEAKIER blood vessels for the bigger protein to fit thru!
31
What is the awesome analogy for fibrinous inflammation? hint:it makes me want to eat!
Bread and Butter
32
How do we get rid of fibrinous inflammation?
Macrophages can lyse the fibrin..TAKES long time
33
What is the process of blood vessels filling the space occupied by fibrin with the goal of obliterating it? Is this considered a good or bad stage of inflammation?
Organization..it shows you are in BAD shape, but healing.
34
What can happen if fibrinous inflammation occurs for a long time in the pericardial sac?
prevent heart expansion in diastole.. Shit. I hope thats not what is happening to me :)
35
What are the main two bacteria triggering a Purulent inflammatory response?
Staph and Strep
36
What is a localized collection of PUS with an organ or tissue? HUGE in dentistry!!!
An ABSCESS!
37
What type of tissue encapsulates an abscess? HUGE In dentistry!!
Granulation Tissue!
38
What happens if an abscess ruptures?
Forms a sinus!
39
What are channels formed between two preexisting cavities and/ or the surface of the body? HUGE in dentistry!
A fistula!
40
What is the accumulation of pus in an area that is already a body cavity?
Emp-Y-Ema
41
BOARDS! Which disease has a fistula formation in the Gastro Intestinal Tract?
Chron's Disease
42
What is inflammation of body surfaces or mucosa of hollow organs?
Ulcerative Inflammation
43
Wow, what type of inflammation combines: fibrinous, purulent, and ulcerative inflammation?
PseudoMembranous Inflammation
44
What bacterium causes pseudomembranous colitis, caused by bacterial overgrowth secondary to intake of broad-spectrum antibiotics?
C. Difficile
45
What are the three WBCs that signal chronic inflammation?
1.Lymphocyets BOOM! 2.Macrophages 3.Plasma Cells
46
What is a very common occurrence from chronic inflammation?
scarring
47
What is a special form of chronic inflammation that is NOT preceded by an acute, PMN mediated inflammation?
GRANULOMATOUS inflammation!
48
What bacterial infection is the poster child for granulomatous inflammation?
TB
49
What type of inflammation is associated with Ashoff's Bodies in Rheumatic Heart Disease?
Granulamatous inflammation
50
What do macrophages and lymphocytes morph into for a granulomatous inflammation? (part of walling off)
Epitheliod Cells
51
What can the epitheliod cells of granulomas fuse to form?
Multi-Nucleated Giant Cells!
52
What are type of cells are continuously healing cells? (2 names!)
Labile Cells aka Stem Cells
53
What is another name for Quiescent Cells? Whats their story? Example?
Stable Cells..Dont readily divide, but can divide if stimulated..ex. Hepatic Cells
54
BOARDS! Whats another name for Nondividing cells? What are two VERY important examples? And REPAIR of these examples?
Permanent Cells...DO NOT DIVIDE under any circumstances...EX. Neurons: repair by GLIOSIS and Myocardial Cells: repair by FIBROUS SCARRING.
55
What do these bad boys have in common? Macrophages, Connective Tissue cells, and Epithelial cells?
Most important cells in wound healing!
56
Which cells have the hybrid properties of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts?
MYO-FIBRO-BLASTS, Crazy name i know... They can CONTRACT to pull tissue together!
57
What are the precursors of blood vessels?
AngioBlasts
58
What are the cells that produce most of the Extra Cellular Matrix? What are two examples?
Fibroblasts! 1. FibroNecTin=glue 2.Collagen III-->I
59
BOARD: What is the initial type of collagen laid? What does it mature into (MOST of the time)?
Type III--->Type I
60
What is the Granulation tissue equation?
Collagen + AngioGenesis = Granulation tissue
61
What is the progression of the incision healing you made in the pt's mouth?
PMN's--->Macrophages-->Myofibrils,Angioblasts, fibroblasts
62
What is the final collagenous structure of wound healing?
A scar!
63
What Intention is surgical intervention? What intention is larger trauma intention?
Primary Intention=Surgical, Secondary=Trauma
64
What hormone can cause incomplete wound healing?
Corticosteroids (CORTISOL!)
65
What is separation of the wound margins?
DE-HIS-CENCE
66
What forms from excess scar formation? What type of collagen remains?
Kel-Oids..Type III does not mature to I.

Immunology (10 decks)

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