EXAM - evolution

Question 1

Lamarckism

Answer 1

inherited characteristics are acquired overtime

Question 2

gradualism

Answer 2

gradual change seen throughout layers of rock

Question 3

punctuated equilibrium

Answer 3

considerable change in the morphology of the fossils… “jumps”

Question 4

what does a faunal succession show?

Answer 4

fossils get more complex at the top of the layers… oldest layers are at the bottom

Question 5

Darwins definition of evolution

Answer 5

descent with modification

Question 6

population genetics definition of evolution

Answer 6

change in gene pool overtime

Question 7

Darwins definition of natural selection

Answer 7

survival of the fittest

Question 8

population genetics definition of natural selection

Answer 8

differential reproduction of genotypes from pop to pop

Question 9

Darwin wrote

Answer 9

the origin of species

Question 10

Lyell wrote

Answer 10

principles of geology… talks about how the earth was more ancient than the world percieved

Question 11

directional selection

Answer 11

shift to the left or right… favoring only one extreme

Question 12

disruptive selection

Answer 12

think camel humps… favoring both extremes

Question 13

stabilizing selection

Answer 13

favors NEITHER extreme, high hill

Question 14

evolutionary process 5 steps

Answer 14

mutation, variation, selective pressures, natural selection, adaptation

Question 15

mutation includes…

Answer 15

sexual reproduction and crossing over, independent assortment, fertilization

Question 16

Wallace

Answer 16

independently arrived at the same conclusions that Darwin did… Darwin was delaying his publishing because he thought he was gonna get backlash from the community… but came together to publish it

Question 17

Malthus

Answer 17

economist that believed that the suffering was due to population growing faster than resources or food could produce… Darwin later applied this to his thinking.. came out with natural selection

Question 18

individuals do not evolve

Answer 18

POPULATIONS DO

Question 19

the largest unit gene flow can occur in is

Answer 19

species

Question 20

allopatric speciation

Answer 20

two groups of species are separated and have been separated for so long that they can no longer reproduce within themselves

Question 21

genetic drift requires

Answer 21

a small population

Question 22

if the frequency of a trait has not changed overtime

Answer 22

it meets hardyweinburg equilibrium criteria

Question 23

what are the 5 hardyweinburg criteria?

Answer 23

NO Mutation
NO Natural selection
NO Gene flow
NO Genetic drift
NO Selective mating

Question 24

gene flow describes what?

Answer 24

transfer of genes from one population to the next

Question 25

genetic drift shows what?

Answer 25

a change in the gene pool due to chance(usually affecting small populations)

Question 26

fitness is measured in

Answer 26

reproductive success

Question 27

genetic variation is caused by

Answer 27

the reshuffling of alleles