EXAM - evolution Flashcards
Lamarckism
inherited characteristics are acquired overtime
gradualism
gradual change seen throughout layers of rock
punctuated equilibrium
considerable change in the morphology of the fossils… “jumps”
what does a faunal succession show?
fossils get more complex at the top of the layers… oldest layers are at the bottom
Darwins definition of evolution
descent with modification
population genetics definition of evolution
change in gene pool overtime
Darwins definition of natural selection
survival of the fittest
population genetics definition of natural selection
differential reproduction of genotypes from pop to pop
Darwin wrote
the origin of species
Lyell wrote
principles of geology… talks about how the earth was more ancient than the world percieved
directional selection
shift to the left or right… favoring only one extreme
disruptive selection
think camel humps… favoring both extremes
stabilizing selection
favors NEITHER extreme, high hill
evolutionary process 5 steps
mutation, variation, selective pressures, natural selection, adaptation
mutation includes…
sexual reproduction and crossing over, independent assortment, fertilization
Wallace
independently arrived at the same conclusions that Darwin did… Darwin was delaying his publishing because he thought he was gonna get backlash from the community… but came together to publish it
Malthus
economist that believed that the suffering was due to population growing faster than resources or food could produce… Darwin later applied this to his thinking.. came out with natural selection
individuals do not evolve
POPULATIONS DO
the largest unit gene flow can occur in is
species
allopatric speciation
two groups of species are separated and have been separated for so long that they can no longer reproduce within themselves
genetic drift requires
a small population
if the frequency of a trait has not changed overtime
it meets hardyweinburg equilibrium criteria
what are the 5 hardyweinburg criteria?
NO Mutation
NO Natural selection
NO Gene flow
NO Genetic drift
NO Selective mating
gene flow describes what?
transfer of genes from one population to the next
genetic drift shows what?
a change in the gene pool due to chance(usually affecting small populations)
fitness is measured in
reproductive success
genetic variation is caused by
the reshuffling of alleles
