EXAM - Digestion + Cell Division

Question 1

basal metabolic rate

Answer 1

the amount of kilocalories your body needs for its basic life sustaining activities (calories burned at rest)

Question 1

Appendix

Answer 1

blind sac hanging from part of the colon… holds “good bacteria”

Question 2

body mass index

Answer 2

ratio of weight to height… **obesity is relating to a very high BMI

Question 3

epiglottis

Answer 3

flap of elastic cartilage that protects the entrance to the trachea… ensures that the food will go down the esophagus and NOT the trachea

Question 4

essential nutrients

Answer 4

substances that an organism needs but cannot assemble from simple organic molecules

Question 5

fiber

Answer 5

indigestible to your digestive system but cleans your colon/large intestine (constipation usually occurs when fiber is LACKED)

Question 6

constipation usually occurs when

Answer 6

a substance is taken that promotes extra water reabsorption in the large intestine

Question 7

HDL

Answer 7

“good” cholesterol carrying particle in the blood… helps remove other forms of cholesterol in the blood

Question 8

LDL

Answer 8

fat that circulates in the blood and moves cholesterol to parts in the body where fats are needed for repair

Question 9

high LDL + HDL ratio

Answer 9

this is raised by exercise + lowers the possibility of heart attack OR incidence of atherosclerosis (thickening of arteries by fat)

Question 10

HCL

Answer 10

stomach acid

Question 11

minerals

Answer 11

inorganic molecules that your body needs in small amounts

Question 12

vitamins

Answer 12

organic molecules that your body needs in small amounts

Question 13

vitamin K

Answer 13

E.Coli found in the colon produce this vitamin

Question 14

glycosidase

Answer 14

enzymes that break down carbohydrates through hydrolysis reactions… (ex… amylase)

Question 15

clone

Answer 15

a single organism that is genetically identical to another because it arose from the cloning of a somatic cell

Question 16

sister chromatids

Answer 16

one of the two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in a eukaryotic cell

Question 17

centromere

Answer 17

the origin of attachment of two sister chromatids

Question 18

independent assortment

Answer 18

idea produced by Mendel: two alleles of each gene will separate during meiosis… this will leave each gamete with one allele of each gene

Question 19

crossing over

Answer 19

occurs during prophase 1 of meiosis 1… this is an exchange of segments between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

Question 20

chiasmata

Answer 20

site where crossing over has occurred between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

Question 21

recombinant chromosomes

Answer 21

a chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA from two parents into one single chromosome

Question 22

nondisjunction

Answer 22

a pair of sister chromatids that fail to separate during any anaphase of meiosis

Question 23

karyotype

Answer 23

a picture of a set of human chromosomes arranged in pairs and in order of descending size

Question 24

aneuploidy

Answer 24

the presence of an abnormal amount of chromosomes in a cell

Question 25

list three major sources associated with sexual reproduction

Answer 25

crossing over, random fertilization, independent assortment

Question 26

gamete production is what type of cell division

Answer 26

meiotic

Question 27

first division of the zygote is what type of division

Answer 27

mitotic

Question 28

growth of the embryo is what type of cell division

Answer 28

mitotic