Exam Ch 15

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 2

Arterioles

Answer 2

Control blood flow, feed capillaries

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

provide site for nutrient and waste exchange

Question 4

Venules

Answer 4

Collect blood from capillaries

Question 5

Veins

Answer 5

Carry blood from venules back to heart

Question 6

When is the highest pressure in artery

Answer 6

During systole

Question 7

When is the pressure the lowest in artery

Answer 7

During diastole

Question 8

Does diastolic pressure go up during dynamic exercise

during isometric exercise

Answer 8

No

Yes

Question 9

Mean arterial pressure

Answer 9

average pressure over entire cardiac cycle

2/3 DBP+ 1/3 SBP

Question 10

force that drives flow

Answer 10

Pressure

Question 11

Where does pressure come from

Answer 11

provided by heart contraction

Question 12

Force that opposes flow

Answer 12

Resistance

Question 13

Where does resistance come from

Answer 13

provided by physical properties of vessels

Question 14

Most important factor for resistance

Answer 14

Radius

Question 15

Easiest way to change blood flow

Answer 15

change radius

Question 16

Vasoconstriction

Answer 16

closing of blood vessels

Question 17

Vasodilation

Answer 17

opening of blood vessels

Question 18

Where is the most potent vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Answer 18

Arterioles

Question 19

At rest what gets the most blood

Answer 19

Liver, kidneys receive 50% of Q

Question 20

during heavy exercise what gets the most blood

Answer 20

Exercising muscles receive 80%
Flow to liver, kidneys 20%

Question 21

Intrinsic control of blood flow

Answer 21

ability of local tissues to constrict or dilate arterioles that serve them

Question 22

3 types of intrinsic control

Answer 22

Metabolic - buildup of local metabolic by-products
Endothelial - substances secreted by vascular endothelium
Myogenic - local pressure changes causing VC, VD

Question 23

increase sympathetic activity

Answer 23

increase VC

Question 24

decrease sympathetic activity

Answer 24

decrease VC (passive VD)

Question 25

at rest how much volume of blood do veins contain

Answer 25

2/3

Question 26

Venous resivoir can be liberated, sent back to heart and into arteries via

Answer 26

Sympathetic stimulation Venoconstriction

Question 27

What does an upright posture do to venous return

Answer 27

makes it more difficult

Question 28

What 3 mechanisms assist in venous return

Answer 28

one way venous valves Muscle pump respiratory pump

Question 29

Equation for whole blood

Answer 29

plasma + formed elements

Question 30

Three exercise-related major functions of blood

Answer 30

Transportation Temperature regulation Acid-base balance

Question 31

What percent of blood volume is plasma

Answer 31

55-60%

Question 32

What percent of blood volume is formed elements

Answer 32

40-45%

Question 33

total percent of volume composed of formed elements

Answer 33

hematocrit

Question 34

how much O2 is in hemoglobin

Answer 34

4 O2 per hemoglobin

Question 35

how many hemoglobin per red blood cells

Answer 35

250 million

Question 36

how many mL of O2 per 100 mL of blood

Answer 36

20 mL

Question 37

What increases as hematocrit increases

Answer 37

viscosity

Question 38

what must increase as red blood cells increase

Answer 38

plasma volume