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ex phys > Exam Ch 15 > Flashcards

Exam Ch 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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2
Q

Arterioles

A

Control blood flow, feed capillaries

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3
Q

Capillaries

A

provide site for nutrient and waste exchange

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4
Q

Venules

A

Collect blood from capillaries

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5
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood from venules back to heart

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6
Q

When is the highest pressure in artery

A

During systole

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7
Q

When is the pressure the lowest in artery

A

During diastole

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8
Q

Does diastolic pressure go up during dynamic exercise

during isometric exercise

A

No

Yes

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9
Q

Mean arterial pressure

A

average pressure over entire cardiac cycle

2/3 DBP+ 1/3 SBP

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10
Q

force that drives flow

A

Pressure

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11
Q

Where does pressure come from

A

provided by heart contraction

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12
Q

Force that opposes flow

A

Resistance

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13
Q

Where does resistance come from

A

provided by physical properties of vessels

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14
Q

Most important factor for resistance

A

Radius

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15
Q

Easiest way to change blood flow

A

change radius

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16
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

closing of blood vessels

17
Q

Vasodilation

A

opening of blood vessels

18
Q

Where is the most potent vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

Arterioles

19
Q

At rest what gets the most blood

A

Liver, kidneys receive 50% of Q

20
Q

during heavy exercise what gets the most blood

A

Exercising muscles receive 80%
Flow to liver, kidneys 20%

21
Q

Intrinsic control of blood flow

A

ability of local tissues to constrict or dilate arterioles that serve them

22
Q

3 types of intrinsic control

A

Metabolic - buildup of local metabolic by-products
Endothelial - substances secreted by vascular endothelium
Myogenic - local pressure changes causing VC, VD

23
Q

increase sympathetic activity

A

increase VC

24
Q

decrease sympathetic activity

A

decrease VC (passive VD)

25
Q

at rest how much volume of blood do veins contain

A

2/3

26
Q

Venous resivoir can be liberated, sent back to heart and into arteries via

A

Sympathetic stimulation
Venoconstriction

27
Q

What does an upright posture do to venous return

A

makes it more difficult

28
Q

What 3 mechanisms assist in venous return

A

one way venous valves
Muscle pump
respiratory pump

29
Q

Equation for whole blood

A

plasma + formed elements

30
Q

Three exercise-related major functions of blood

A

Transportation
Temperature regulation
Acid-base balance

31
Q

What percent of blood volume is plasma

A

55-60%

32
Q

What percent of blood volume is formed elements

A

40-45%

33
Q

total percent of volume composed of formed elements

A

hematocrit

34
Q

how much O2 is in hemoglobin

A

4 O2 per hemoglobin

35
Q

how many hemoglobin per red blood cells

A

250 million

36
Q

how many mL of O2 per 100 mL of blood

A

20 mL

37
Q

What increases as hematocrit increases

A

viscosity

38
Q

what must increase as red blood cells increase

A

plasma volume

ex phys (19 decks)

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