exam 2 Ch 16

Question 1

Pulmonary ventilation (external respiration)

Answer 1

getting air into lungs and back out

Question 2

Pulmonary diffusion (external respiration)

Answer 2

gas exchange with outside air

Question 3

Capillary diffusion (internal respiration)

Answer 3

diffusion occurring at muscle level

Question 4

pathway for air entering the body

Answer 4

nose/mouth -> nasal conchae -> pharynx -> trachea -> bronchial tree -> alveoli

Question 5

an active process that expands the thoracic cavity in three dimensions, thus expanding volume of thoracic cavity and lungs

Answer 5

inspiration

Question 6

muscles involved in inspiration

Answer 6

diaphragm (flattens)
External intercostals (move rib cage and sternum up and out)

Question 7

Boyles law

Answer 7

pressure and volume inversely proportional

Question 8

usually a passive process when the inspiratory muscles relax and air is forced out of lungs

Answer 8

Expiration

Question 9

Muscles used in active process expiration (forced breathing)

Answer 9

internal intercostals
latissimus dorsi
abdominal muscles

Question 10

Respiratory pump

Answer 10

Changes in intra-abdominal, intrathoracic pressure promote venous return to heart

pressure increase -> venous squeezing
pressure decrease -> venous filling

Question 11

sum of the vital capacity and the residual volume

Answer 11

total lung capacity (TLC)

Question 12

greatest amount of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiration

Answer 12

vital capacity (VC)

Question 13

amount of air entering and leaving the lungs with each normal breath

Answer 13

Tidal volume

Question 14

volume of air remaining in the lungs after normal expiration

Answer 14

functional residual capacity

Question 15

amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration

Answer 15

residual volume (RV)