exam 3 ch 22 Flashcards
<18.5 BMI
underweight
18.5-24.9 BMI
normal
25-29.0 BMI
overweight
30-34.9 BMI
obesity 1
35-39.9 BMI
obesity 2
> 40 BMI
extreme obesity
what happens with fat mass and lean body mass with age
increase fat mass decrease lean body mass
physiological factors of obesity
heredity
hormonal imbalances
altered basic homeostatic mechanisms
lifestyle factors of obesity
cultural habits
inadequate physical activity
improper diet
what is obesity and overweight assiciated with
cardiovascular diseas and dyslipidemia
type 2 diabetes
cancer
liver and gallbaladder disease
osteoarthritis
sleep apnea
mental illness
diagnosis for doctors to pretty much scare you whe youre gaining weight
metabolic syndrome
body fat distribution in men
upper body (android)
above hips, more likely to be visceral fat
body fat distribution in women
lower body (gynoid)
hips and legs
most efficient way to prevent weight gain
high levels of energy expenditure
MOVE
RMR % of total energy expenditure
60-75
TEM % of energy expenditure
10%
TEA % of energy expenditure
15-30
what nervous system controls RMR TEM and TEA
sympathetic
Autoimmune (Beta cells destroyed, no insulin)
Pancreatic Bcells destroyed
Sudden onset in childhood, young adult
5-10% of all diabetes cases
Type 1 diabetes
Loss of insulin sensitivity (insulin resitstance)
Obesity major factor
90-95% of all diabetes cases
Type 2 diabetes
diabetes in pregnant women (4% of pregnancies)
gestational diabetes
Predictor of full-blown diabetes
Impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance
prediabetes
Signs of type 1 diabetes
excessive urination, thirst
Weight loss, extreme hunger
fatigue, irritability
Signs of type 2 diabetes
any type 1 symptom
persistent infections, sores
vision changes
tingling, numbness in limbs
Treatment for type 1 diabetes
insulin administration
diet
exercise
treatment for type 2 diabetes
weight loss
diet
exercise
recently developed drugs
does exercise enhance insulin sensitivity
yes
