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ex phys > Ch 3 Muscle Anatomy and the Sliding Filament Theory > Flashcards

Ch 3 Muscle Anatomy and the Sliding Filament Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the saying we need to always remember

A

Specific Adaption to Imposed Demand

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2
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in size of existing muscle fibers

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3
Q

Hyperplasia

A

development of new muscle fibers
(requires high demand to get this to happen)

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4
Q

Atrophy

A

loss of muscle mass

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5
Q

Sarcopenia

A

age related atrophy

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

Smooth Muscle
Striated Cardiac Muscle
Striated Skeletal Muscle

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7
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Involuntary (controlled unconsciously)

Mononucleated

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8
Q

Striated Cardiac Muscle

A

Controls itself along with nervous endocrine system input

Mononucleated

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9
Q

Striated Skeletal Muscle

A

Voluntary (controlled consciously)

Multi-nucleated cells

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10
Q

Where would you find smooth muscle

A

blood vessel walls and internal organs

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11
Q

where do you find striated cardiac muscle

A

heart

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12
Q

why are muscles elastic

A

so they can stretch to help gain more power in a movement (ex. Lowing legs first before jumping)

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13
Q

strongest muscle pound per pound

A

masseter

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13
Q

hypnic jerk

A

brain misreading relaxing muscle signals as falling and fires all muscles in attempt to regain balance

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14
Q

anatomy of skeletal muscle from smallest to largest

A

myofibril
Muscle fiber (surrounded by endomysium)
Fasciculi (surrounded by perimysium)
Entire muscle (surrounded by epimysium)

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15
Q

Plasmalemma (cell membrane)

A

Fuses with tendon
Conducts action potential
Maintains pH, transports nutrients

16
Q

Involved in muscle growth and development.
Aids response to injury, immobilization, training

A

Satellite Cells

17
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

serves as cytoplasm of muscle cell.
Glycogen storage, myoblobin

18
Q

Carry action potential deep into muscle fiber, serve as extensions of plasmalemma

A

Transverse Tubules (T-tubules)

19
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Ca2+ storage

20
Q

Basic Contractile element of skeletal muscle
End to end for full myofibril length

A

Sarcomeres

21
Q

What is the smallest contractile unit

A

sarcomere

22
Q

What is sliding filament theory

A

Actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments) pulling on each other and coming closer together

23
Q

What does the I-band contain

A

actin filaments

24
Q

what does the a-band contain

A

both actin and myosin filaments

25
Q

what does the h-zone contain

A

myosin filaments

26
Q

Globular heads

A

Located in myosin

Interact with actin filaments for contraction

27
Q

Actin

A

contains myosin-binding site

28
Q

Tropomyosin

A

covers active site at rest

29
Q

Troponin

A

moves tropomyosin

30
Q

Titan

A

stabilizes sarcoomeres and centers myosin
Prevents overstretching

31
Q

Consists of a single a-motor neuron + all fibers it innervates

A

Motor unit

32
Q

Serves as site of communication between neuron and muscle

A

Neuromuscular Junction

33
Q

Muscle Fiber Contraction: Excitation-contraction coupling

A
  1. Action Potential starts in the brain
  2. Action Potential arrives at axon terminal, releases acetylcholine
    3.Acetylcholine crosses synaps, binds to acetylcholine receptors on plasmalemma
    4.Action potential travels down plasmalemma and T-tubules
  3. Triggers Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
    6.Ca2+ enables actin-myosin contraction
34
Q

Role of Ca2+ in muscle fiber

A

Ca2+ binds to troponin on thin filament

35
Q

Relaxed Muscle state

A

No actin-myosin interaction

36
Q

Contracted Muscle State

A

Myosin head pulls active toward sarcomere center

37
Q

What is necessary for muscle contraction

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

ex phys (19 decks)

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