Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Exam 8: Antivirals > Flashcards

Exam 8: Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Gamma Globulin Mechanism

A

Prevent attachment and penetration of viral particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gamma globulin adverse effects?

A

Systemic anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pavilizumab

A

Monoclonal Antibody to RSV

Used in high risk infants by IV administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Amantidine Mechanism

A

Blocks the M2 viral protein and causes buffering of the endosomal pH, preventing viral penetration and uncoating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Amantidine Uses (2)

A
  1. Influenza A Respiratory tract illness (Not effective against B)
  2. Also used as an Antiparkinsonian agent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What surface Antigens are used to type Influenza?

A

Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase
(example: H1N1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Neuraminidase important for?

A

A cleavage reaction required for release of virions from infected cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Hemagglutinin important for?

A

Attachment of the virus to silica acid residues on the cell (important for penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Zanamivir mechanism

A

Inhibits neuraminidase of Influenza virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Zanimivir uses

A

Influenza A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oseltamivir Mechanism

A

Inhibits neuraminidase of Influenza virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between Zanamivir and Oseltamivir?

A

Oseltamivir can be taken orally and reaches places other than the respiratory tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ribavirin Mechanism

A

Purine analog

Inhibits viral RNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ribavirin Uses (2)

A
  1. RSV in infants and young children

2. Chronic Hepatitis C (with IFN alpha)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ribavirin Adverse Effects

A

Teratogenic

Pregnant healthcare workers should avoid caring for patients receiving aerosolized Ribavirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trifluridine Mechanism

A 
Pyrimidine analog (Thymidine)
Inhibits viral DNA synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Trifluridine Uses

A

HSV1 and 2

Used topically for HSV keratoconjunctivitis or keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Trifluridine Adverse Effects

A

Teratogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acyclovir Mechanism

A

Purine Analog derived from Guanine
Must be phosphorylated to be active (done by Herpes’ intrinsic Tyrosine Kinase)
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is Acyclovir selective?

A

It must be activated by a viral Tyrosine kinase.

Makes it non toxic to normal human cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a problem with Acyclovir use?

A

Resistance is starting to occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acyclovir uses

A

IV against Herpes viruses (all kinds of manifestations)
Topical agains mucocutaneous and keratitis caused by herpes
Also taken orally for VZV and herpes in the immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gancyclovir Uses

A

Cytomegalovirus retinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gancyclovir Adverse effects (3)

A
  1. Teratogenic and carcinogenic
  2. Granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia
  3. Myelosuppression
25
Q

Foscarnet mechanism

A

Inhibits Viral DNA polymerase

26
Q

Foscarnet use

A

used for cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients!

27
Q

Foscarnet advise effect

A

Renal Toxicity

28
Q

Name 3 Hep B drugs

A

Lamivudine
Tenofovir
Emtricitabine

29
Q

Interferon Alpha Mechanism

A

Alarm Molecule
Signals neighboring cells to prepare to defend themselves form viral infection.
Cells produce enzymes that inhibit viral transcription, translation, protein processing, and virus maturation.

30
Q

Interferon alpha uses

A
  1. Cutaneous warts
  2. Herpes keratoconjunctavitis
  3. Hepatitis B and C (+ribavirin)
  4. Also some cancers (bladder, karposi, hairy cell lymphoma)
31
Q

Interferon alpha adverse effects

A 
mild/moderate
flu like syndrome
muscle pain
NV
etc.
32
Q

What are 5 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

A 
Zidovudine
Didanosine
Lamivudine
Abacavir
Emtricitabine
33
Q

Name 1 nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor

A

Tenofovir

NucleoTide–Tenofovir

34
Q

Name 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

A

Efavirenz

35
Q

Name 5 Protease Inhibitors

A 
Ritonavir
Indinavir
Nelfinavir
Lopinavir
Atazanavir
*** They all end in NAVIR
36
Q

Zidovudine Mechanism

A

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)

37
Q

Zidovudine Pharmacokinetics

A

Good CNS penetration

38
Q

Zidovudine Adverse Effects (2)

A
  1. GI disturbances

2. Bone marrow Toxicity

39
Q

What drug is used to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child?

A

Zidovudine

40
Q

What is a major use of Zidovudine?

A

To prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child

41
Q

Didanosine Mehcanism

A

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)

42
Q

Didanosine Adverse Effects (3)

A
  1. Peripheral Neuropathy
  2. Pancreatitis
  3. GI effects
43
Q

Lamivudine Mechanism

A

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)

44
Q

Lamivudine Advantage

A

Less toxic than other drugs

Also treats Hep B

45
Q

Abacavir mechanism

A

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)

46
Q

How do non nucleoside RTIs work?

A

they bind directly to the reverse transcriptase enzyme and inhibit its activity

47
Q

Emtricitabine Mechanism

A

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)

48
Q

Emtricitabine Adverse effect

A

Pigmentation of palms of hands and soles of feet

49
Q

Tenofovir Mechanism

A

NucleoTide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (causes chain termination, inhibition of viral replication)

50
Q

Tenofovir use besides HIV

A

Hep B

51
Q

What is a pharmacokinetic interaction with non nucleoside RTIs?

A

p450 metabolism

52
Q

Efavirenz

A

Non nucleoside RTI
metabolized by p450
Cause headache, rash, insomnia
Also can cause neural tube defects

53
Q

Adverse effects of Ritonavir

A

NVD

Paresthesias

54
Q

Use of Ritonivir

A

Boost serum concentrate of other PIs

55
Q

Adverse effect of Indinavir

A

Nephrolithiasis

56
Q

Nelfinavir adverse effects

A

GI problems

57
Q

What are the preferred PIs for naive patients?

A

Ritonavir boosted Atazanavir

58
Q

What are the preferred NRTI treatments for naive patients? (2)

A
  1. Abacavir/Lamivudine

2. Emtricitabine/Tenofovir

Pharmacology (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions