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Pharmacology > Exam 7: Anti-arrhythmics > Flashcards

Exam 7: Anti-arrhythmics Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 Class 1A Antiarrhythmics

A

Quinidine

Procainamide

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2
Q

Name one Class 1B Antiarrhythmic

A

Lidocaine

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3
Q

Name one Class 1C Antiarrhythmic

A

Flecainide

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4
Q

Name 3 Class II Antiarrhythmics

A

Propranolol
Acebutolol
Esmolol

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5
Q

Name 2 Class III Antiarrhythmics

A

Amiodarone

Dofetilide

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6
Q

Name 2 Class IV Antiarrhythmics

A

Verapamil

Diltiazem

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7
Q

Name an Antiarrhythmic used in treating SVT

A

Adenosine

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8
Q

What channels do Class I Antiarrhythmics generally affect?

A

Sodium

Quinidine and a Procainamide metabolite also block K channels

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9
Q

Main Mechanism of Class I Antiarrhythmics

A

Blockage of Na channels, especially during 0 phase (Depolarization) and phase 4 (pacemaker phase), lengthens action potentials, slowing conduction velocity and decreases their rate of spontaneous firing.

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10
Q

Main Mechanism of Class IA Antiarrhythmics

A

Na channel inhibition during 0 phase slows conduction velocity
Intermediate speed of interaction with 0 phase Na channels
K channel inhibition during phase 3 (repolarization) increases the length of refractory periods.

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11
Q

Main mechanism of Class 1B Antiarrhythmics

A

Less of a conduction slowing effect in phase 0 via Na channel inhibition
Rapidly interact with phase 0 Na channels
They inhibit Late Acting Na Channels, which decreases AP duration and refractory period (opposite of Class 1A)

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12
Q

Main Mechanism of Class 1C Antiarrhythmics

A

Marked inhibition of Na channels in phase 0 results in dramatic slowing of conduction velocity
Little to no affect on ERP (effective refractory period)

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13
Q

What is an affect that all Class I Antiarrhythmics share to varying degrees?

A

Increase the threshold of excitability

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14
Q

Quinidine Mechanism and Uses

A

Class IA Antiarrhythmic
Inhibits Na channels (slowing conduction rate) and K channels (Increasing length of ERP)
Recently increased use for V Fib in Brugada Syndrome and A Fib in Short QT syndrome

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15
Q

Quinidine Adverse Effects (3)

A

Can cause arrhythmias (Especially Torsades)
GI problems
Cinchonism (OD)- Kind of like Atropine poisoning (Increased HR, decreased BP,

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16
Q

Procainamide

A

Class IA Antiarrhythmic
Similar to Quinidine, but actions are caused by an acetylated metabolite produced in the liver (NAPA), which happens at different rates in different people.
Can cause Lupus syndrome
Also GI, CNS problems
Less likely to cause Torsades or Atropine-like problems than Quinidine

17
Q

Lidocaine

A

Class IB Antiarrhythmic
Shortens ERP, phase 3 via inhibition of Late acting Na channels
Mainly treats ventricular arrhythmias caused by ischemia
Can cause CNS depression
Can cause arrhythmias, mainly in the presence of hyperkalemia

18
Q

Flecainide Effects, Uses

A

Class IC Antiarrhythmic
Mostly slows conduction by markedly inhibiting Phase 0 Na channels
Little to no effect on ERP/AP duration
Used for severe arrhythmias resistant to other drugs

19
Q

Flecainamide Adverse Effects (3)

A

Negative inotropic (exacerbates CHF)
Very pro-arrhythmic, especially with hyperkalemia
High mortality

20
Q

Class II Antiarrhythmics Mechanism

A

Beta Blockers
Decrease inward Ca channel current, slowing conduction and depressing automaticity.
Useful in treating arrhythmias caused by too much sympathetic input
Treat supra ventricular arrhythmias

21
Q

Propranolol

A

Good record of reducing incidence of sudden adrenergically‐driven arrhythmic death after myocardial infarction.
Theoretically could combat arrhythmias with membrane stabilization, but this would require way too high a dose to be safe.

22
Q

Acebutolol

A

Beta 1 antagonist
Reduces risk of bronchospasm
Partial agonist property may decrease risk of too much suppression of cardiac function

23
Q

Esmolol

A

Very short acting  blocker used IV in acute arrhythmias occurring during surgery or emergency situations.

24
Q

Beta Blocker Drug Interaction

A

Dont use them with Ca Channel Blockers, because that risks too much suppression of cardiac function

25
Q

Class III Antiarrhythmics Mechanism

A

Mainly inhibit K channels during the AP, prolonging repolarization.
Prolongs ERP and AP duration without affecting other phases.

26
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class III Antiarrhythmic
Prolongs ERP, AP by inhibiting K channels in Phase 3
Has complex secondary effects.
Used in severe tachyarrhythmias

27
Q

Amiodarone Adverse Effects (3)

A

Lots of bad things that may persist long after the drug is stopped.
Interstitial pulm fibrosis
thyroid problems
Skin discoloration due to iodine build up.

28
Q

Dofetilide

A

Pure Class III anti arrhythmic
Inhibits only K channels, prolonging AP, and ERP
Treats supra ventricular arrhythmias, especially A Fib
Can cause Torsades

29
Q

Verapamil and Diltiazem

A

Class IV Antiarrhythmics
Calcium channel blockers
Work well at AV node, can stop AV node arrhythmias from reaching the ventricles
Dont combine with Beta blockers
Dont give when a fib is accompanied by WPW, or it may get worse.

30
Q

Adenosine

A

Decreases conduction velocity and decreases abnormal impulse formation in the AV node
Decreases Ca influx and ACh sensitive phase 4 K current
Prolongs AV node refractory period
Drug of choice for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
Short duration of action!
Can cause Flushing, SOB, and chest pain.

31
Q

Procainamide Adverse Effects (4)

A

Lupus
CNS Problems
GI Problems
Arrhythmias (Less likely than with Quinidine)

32
Q

Lidocaine Adverse Effects (2)

A

CNS Depression

Arrhythmias, especially in the presence of hyperkalemia

33
Q

Class II Antiarrhythmic Uses

A

Arrhythmias caused my too much sympathetic input

Supra ventricular arrhythmias

34
Q

Verapamil/Diltiazem Contraindications

A 
Wolf Parkinson White (will make it worse)
Beta blockers (will decrease cardiac function too much)

Pharmacology (34 decks)

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