Exam 4 Week 9 Flashcards
Agglutinate
To glue together
Agglutino- = Glued
Barium
Heavy metal used for contrast studies with radiography (x-rays)
(Baro- = Heavy)
Baroreceptor
Monitor tissue for blood pressure
Baro- = Heavy
Callus
Hard thickening of skin or bone
Callus = Hard
Callous
To become hardened
Callus = Hard
Cerumen
Earwax
Cera = Wax
Ceruminolytic
Agent that dissolves earwax
Cera = Wax
Colloid
Jelly-like mixture of particles in a liquid medium
Colla = Glue, jelly
Collodion
Nitrocellulose solution in ether or alcohol (drug solvent or wound sealant)
(Colla = Glue, jelly)
Crystalluria
Crystals in the urine
Crystall- = Ice
Dura mater
Tough, fibrous outer coat of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
(Dura = Hard)
Indurated
Made hard
Dura = Hard
Eburnation
To make hard and dense like ivory
Ebur = Ivory
Glioma
Brain tumor composed of neuroglia cells
Glia, -glia = glue
Neuroglia
Cells that support and insulate nerve cells
Glia, -glia = glue
Gluten
Tough, viscous material left after wheat is washed to remove starch
(Gluten = Glue)
Hyalosis
A degenerative change in the vitreous humor of the eye
Hyalo- = Glassy
Inspissated
To become thicker as if with dehydration
Inspissatus = Thick
Leptospirosis
Slender spiral bacteria that causes inflammation of the kidney
(Lepto- = Delicate, Slender)
Leptomeningitis
Inflammation of the pia mater or arachnoid membrane of the meninges surrounding the brain or spinal cord
(Lepto- = Delicate, Slender)
Osteomalacia
Softening of bone
-malacia = Softening
Emollient
A soothing (feels soft) agent
Mollis = Soft
Oleoresin
An oily plant sap that may cause contact allergy (capsaicin is an oleoresin from peppers used as a liniment)
(Oleo- = Oil)
Pachyderm
Thick skin
Pachy- = Thick
Pachymeningitis
Inflammation of the dura mater of the meninges
Pachy- = Thick
Petrous
Pertaining to the hard part of the temporal bone
Petra = Rock hard
Petrosal
Referring to the petrous temporal bone
Petra = Rock hard
Osteoporosis
Demineralization of the bone
-porosis = porous
Scirrhous
Firm and fibrous
Scirrho- = Hard
Sclera
Dense white outer covering of most of the eye
Sclero- = Hard
Spongiosis
Edema of the spongy layer of the skin
Spongio- = Spongy
Cholesterol
A solid alcohol first discovered in gallstones
Stereo- = Solid
Stereoscopic
Pertaining to 3-dimensional vision
Stereo- = Solid
Viscous
Sticky, thick, and resistant to flow
Viscidus = Sticky
Viscosity
Measuring the resistance to flow
Viscidus = Sticky
Abducent
Drawing away from the midline; also the VI cranial nerve
Ab- = Away from
Abduction
(Also) drawing away from the midline
Ab- = Away from
Adrenal
Next to the kidney
Ac-, Ad-, Af-, Ag- = to, toward
Adduction
Drawing toward the midline
Ac-, Ad-, Af-, Ag- = to, toward
Actinic
Relating to the chemical changes caused by radiant energy (sunlight)
(Actino- = Ray, Radius)
Actinodermatitis
Skin inflammation caused by exposure to sunlight
Actino- = Ray, Radius
Anatomy
Dissecting the body to study shape and structure (dissection for a positive reason)
(Ana-, An- = Up, positive)
Anterior
Placed in front of
Antero- = Before
Anterolateral
In front of and away from midline
Antero- = Before
Apocrinev
a (pinched off) portion of a cell is released with a secretory product
(Apo- = Away from)
Aponeurosis
A sheet of fibrous tissue binding muscles together or muscle to bone
(Apo- = Away from)
Cathode
Negatively charged electrode
Cat-, Cata- = Down, negative
Caudal
Of, at, or near the tail
Cauda = Tail
Caudad
Toward the tail
Cauda = Tail
Caudectomy
Surgical removal of the tail
Cauda = Tail; -ectomy = removal
Cranial
Relating to the skull
Cranio- = Upper part of head
Craniotomy
Surgical incision into the skull
Cranio- = Upper part of head
Decompose
To break down into various compartments
De- = Away, from
Dehydrate
To deplete of body water
De- = Away, from
Dextrose
Structural form of glucose that rotates to the right
Dextro- = Right hand
Dexterity
Grace in physical movement
Dextro- = Right hand
Diuresis
Excessive discharge of urine
Di- = Through
Distal
Away from reference point
Dis-, Di- = Away from
Disinfection
Treatment to destroy harmful organisms
Dis-, Di- = Away from
Dissect
To cut apart for the study of anatomy
Dis-, Di- = Away from
Dorsal
Of or near the back
Dorsal = Back
Eccentric
Deviating from a circle
Ec-, Ex-, Ef-, Ecto- = Out of, Outside
External
Outside
Ec-, Ex-, Ef-, Ecto- = Out of, Outside
Ectoparasite
A parasite that lives on the outside of the body
Ec-, Ex-, Ef-, Ecto- = Out of, Outside
Deflection
Deviation from expectation
Flex, -flect = Bend, divert
Flexion
The act of bending a joint or limb
Flex, -flect = Bend, divert
Inferolateral
Lower and away from middle
Infero- = Lower
Lateral
Situated at or on the side
Lateral, Latero- = Side
Lateroabdominal
On the side of the abdomen
Lateral, Latero- = Side
Levorotation
Counterclockwise rotation
Levo- = Left
Levothyroxine
Left directed isomer of thyroid hormone (Active form)
Lateral, Latero- = Side
Medial
Relating to the middle
Media- = Middle
Median
A midline that divides the body into equal right and left halves
(Media- = Middle)
Occlude
To obstruct
Ob-, Oc- = Against, Toward
Opisthotonus
A spasm of the body with the head and heels bent backward
Opistho- = Behind, Backward
Palmar
Relating to the palm of the hand
Palm- = Flexor surface of hand
Pernasal
Performed through the nose
Per- = Through, excessive
Peracute
Very rapid and violent
Per- = Through, excessive
Percutaneous
Passed through the skin
Per- = Through, excessive
Percutaneous
Passed through the skin
Per- = Through, excessive
Plantar
Relating to the sole of the foot
Planta = Sole of foot
Plantigrade
Walking on the sole of the foot
Planta = Sole of foot
Posterior
Relating to the caudal end of quadrapeds and the dorsal area of primates
(Postero- = behind)
Posterolateral
Caudal (or dorsal) and away from the midline
Postero- = behind
Pronate
To turn the Palmar surface down or back
Pronus = Lying face downward
Proximal
Nearer to a reference point
proximal = next to, near
Irradiation
The use of ionizing radiation
Radi- = ray
Relapse
To regress after a partial recovery
Re- = Back, again
Reflex
An automatic response or reaction
Re- = Back, again
Regurgitation
Act of lowing backward
Re- = Back, again
Retrograde
Reverting to an earlier or inferior condition
retro – = backwards
Rostral
Referring to the nasal region
Rostrum = beak (nose region)
Rotary
Something that moves around an axis
Rotare = turn, revolve
Rotator
Muscle that aids in rotating a part of the body
Rotare = turn, revolve
sagittal
A plane parallel to the median plane
sagittal = arrow
Sinister
on the left side
sinistro – = left
Sinistromanual
Left – handed
sinistro – = left
Sternum
breastbone
sterno – = breastbone
Sternomastoid
A structure that runs from the sternum to the base of the skull
(sterno – = breastbone)
Superior
In a higher location
Super- = Upper
Superjacent
Lying immediately above
Super- = Upper
Supinate
To turn the Palmar surface up or forward
supine = lying on back
Transverse
lying across
transversus = At right angle to Long axis
Treponema
A genus of spiral bacteria (one causes syphilis)
Trepo- = To turn
Ventral
Relating to the abdominal area
ventro-, ventri- = toward the belly or abdomen
Ventrodorsal
Extending from the abdominal surface to the dorsal surface
ventro-, ventri- = toward the belly or abdomen
Versicolor
Having a variety of colors or changing in color
Versio- = turning
Acromegaly
large extremities
Acro-= extremity (arm or leg)
Acral
Referring to extremities (hands, feet)
Acro-= extremity (arm or leg)
Antebrachium
Forearm (from elbow to wrist)
Ante- = before
Antemortem
Before death
Ante- = before
Anteroventral
Lower aspect of front
Antero- = front
Antibiotic
Against microbes
Anti- = against
Antisepsis
Against infection
Anti- = against
Apicotomy
Incision into a pointed structure
Apico- = apex, summit
Archencephalon
Primitive front and middle part of brain
Archi-, Archeo- = first
Axilla
Armpit area
Axillo- = armpit
Basisphenoid
Relating to the body of the Sphenoid bone
Basio- = base, foundation
Basioccipital
Bone in the base of the skull in front of foreman magnum
Basio- = base, foundation
Bathypnea
Deep breathing
Bathy- = deep
Cecal
Relating to saclike cavity with one opening; blind ended pouch
(cecum = blind end)
Centrifugal
fleeing the center
Centro-, Centri- = center
Circumferential
A line around a closed circle
Circum- = around
Circumcision
Circular incision to remove the prepuce (penile sheath)
Circum- = around
Cortex
Outer layer of an organ
cortex = Shel
bicuspid
Having two points (e.g. bicuspid teeth, biscuspid valves)
cuspis = at the point, triangular
Tricuspid
Having three points
cuspis = at the point, triangular
Decubital
Relating to a bedsore
decubitus = lying down
Ectopic
An abnormal location for an organ or body part
ectopia = displaced
Empyema
Pus in a body cavity, especially the chest
Endo-, Em-, Ento- = inside, within
Endometrium
Glandular mucous membrane that lines the inside of the uterus
(Endo-, Em-, Ento- = inside, within)
Epidural
On or over the Dura Mater of the spinal cord
Epi- = Above, Upon
Epidermis
Outermost part of the skin
Epi- = Above, Upon
epidemiology
Study of the cause, distribution, and control of diseases in groups of people
(if groups of animals = epizootiology is the proper term)
(Epi- = Above, Upon)
Esophoria
Tendency for eyes to deviate inwardly
Eso- = Within
Exocytosis
Intracellular vesicles are secreted by fusion with the other cell membrane
(Exo- = Outside, Outward)
Exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
Exo- = Outside, Outward
Extracorporeal
Located or occurring outside the body
Extra- = Outside
Extravasation
Forcing blood or lymph out of vessels and into the surrounding tissue
(Extra- = Outside)
Fundus
Portion of a hollow organ that is furthest from its opening (e.g. fundus of eye, fundus of the stomach)
(Fundus = Base, Bottom)
Hypsodont
Teeth with high crowns and short roots
Hypsi-, Hypso- = High
Inferolateral
Lower and to the side
inferior = lower
Infraorbital
Located beneath the orbit of the eye
Infra- = Below
Infraspinatus
Muscle beneath the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade)
Infra- = Below
Inguinal
Referring to the groin
Inguino- = groin
Intercostal
Between the ribs
Inter- = Between
Intercellular
Between cells
Inter- = Between
Intracerebral
Within the cerebrum (large globe of brain)
Intra- = Within
Intracellular
Within a cell
Intra- = Within
Juxtaposition
Located or placed side-by-side
Juxta- = Near
Juxtaglomerulus
Near the glomerulus (kidney filter)
Juxta- = Near
locus
A place, a location
Locus, Loco- = Place
Locomotor
Relating to movement from one place to another
Locus, Loco- = Place
Macula lutea
A yellow spot on the retina that mediates the clearest, most detailed vision
(Macula = Small Spot)
Macula densa
A spot of dense cells near the glomerulus that secretes the hormone renin
(Macula = Small Spot)
Mediolateral
From the middle toward the side
Medio-, Med- = Middle
Medulla
The inner core of an organ
Medullo- = Marrow, Inside
Mesentery
Folds of peritoneum that connect organs to the dorsal, inner abdominal wall
(Meso- = Middle)
Mesojejunum
Mesentery of the jejunum portion of the small intestines
Meso- = Middle
Nidus
A point of origination or accumulation
Nidus = Nest
Tentorium
A membranous covering or partition
-orium = A place
Sensorium
Sensory portion of the body
-orium = A place
Parathyroid
By the thyroid (glands that control calcium balance)
Para- = Alongside
Paresthesia
A skin sensation without any apparent cause
Para- = Alongside)
Periosteum
A dense fibrous covering of bone, except at the joints
Peri- = Around
Peribronchial
Surrounding a bronchus (lower airway in lungs)
Peri- = Around
Perineum
Area between the anus and genitals
Perineo- = Between anus and genitals
Popliteal
Hollow back part of knee area
Poples = Hollow of knee
Postprandial
After eating
Post- = After
Postoperative
After surgery
Post- = After
Postpartum
After birth
Post- = After
Premaxillary
In front of the maxillary bones
Pre-, Pro- = Before, In front of
Prognosis
A prediction of the probable course or outcome of disease
Pre-, Pro- = Before, In front of
Prosodemic
Disease that is transmitted from person to person
Proso- = Forward, Anterior
Hemostasis
Stoppage of bleeding
-stasis = Standing still
Hypostatic
The settling of blood in a lower aspect of an organ due to poor blood flow
(-stasis = Standing still)
Astigmatism
Unequal curvature of the cornea that prevents clear focus on one point on retina
(Stigma = Point)
Subcutaneous
Under the skin
Sub- = Under
Subarachnoid
Beneath the arachnoid membrane (web part) of the meninges of the spinal cord
(Sub- = Under)
synapse
Junction in which a nerve impulse passes to another nerve, muscle, or gland
(Synapsis = Point of contact)
Ataxia
Loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement
Taxis, -taxis = arrangement, lining up
Chemotaxis
Movement of a cell or organism toward or away from a chemical stimulus
(Taxis, -taxis = arrangement, lining up)
Phototaxis
Movement of a cell or organism toward or away from a light stimulus
(Taxis, -taxis = arrangement, lining up)
Telecardiogram
An Electrocardiogram obtained at a distance from the patient
Tele- = Distant
Telemetry
Automatic measurement of data and transmission over distances by wire, radio, or other means
(Tele- = Distant)
Telangiectasis
Chronic dilation of a group of capillaries causing small dark red blotches on the skin
(Telo- = End)
Topology
Anatomic structure of a specific area or part of the body
Topo-, -topic = Place
Transection
To divide or cut tranversely
Trans- = Across
