Exam 2 Week 3 + 4 Flashcards
Annular
Forming a ring
Annulus = Ring
Annuloplasty
Surgical reconstruction of the ring around a heart valve or an intervertebral disc
(Annulus = Ring)
Bacilliform
Rod-like, cylinder with round ends (looks like bacteria)
Bacilli-, Bacillo- = Little rod
Bacilluria
Rods (Bacteria) in urine
Bacilli-, Bacillo- = Little rod; -uria = urine
Bacteria
Microscopic plants with rod (or spherical) shape
Bacter- = Little rod
Bacterin
Vaccine made of dead or weekend bacteria
Bacter- = Little rod
Cestode
Tapeworms; flat, belt -like worms
Cestos = Belt or girdle
Chlamydia
A bacteria that grows cloaked inside cells, protected from most antibiotics
(Chlamys = Cloak)
Cingulotomy
Cutting into the cinguate gyrus, center for pain interpretation and girdle for the corpus callosum
(Cingulum = Girdle)
Ependyma
Lining (coat) of the ventricles of the brain and canal in spinal cord
(Endyma = Upper garment)
Fascia
Sheets of fibrous tissue that bundle layers of other tissues
Fascia = Band, Bundle
Monilethrix
Inherited brittle hair with constrictions in shaft; beaded hair
(Monile = Necklace)
Moniliform
Appearance like string of beads
Monile = Necklace; -form = appear
Thyroid gland
Shield like gland in front of upper trachea
Thyro- = Shield
Thyroxine
Secretion of the thyroid gland
Thyro- = Shield
Tunica Albuginea
White membrane fibrous capsule, especially of the testes
Tunica = coat; Albus = white
Vulva
Visible external female genitalia which is like a wrapper during Mating
(Vulva = Wrapper)
Herpes zoster
Virus that causes inflammation of nerves which project around the body or face like a girdle or half a girdle (shingles)
(Zoster = Girdle)
Byssinosis
Lung disease caused by inhaling cotton dust
Byssos = Flax, Cotton; -osis = condition
Byssaceous
Having fine fibers as do some filamentous algae (appearing like cotton)
(Byssos = Flax, Cotton)
Cancellous
Lattice-like or sponge bone
Cancellus = Lattice
Diphtheria
Bacterial disease that causes a parchment-like membrane to form in throat and airways
(Diphthera = Parchment)
Fibroid
Benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus
Fibr- = Thread; -oid = resembling
Fibroadenoma
Benign solid tumor of glandular tissue, such as the breast
Fibr- = Thread; -oma = tumor
Filaria
Long thin (thread-like) worms
Fil- = Thread
Filiform
Thread-like
Fil- = Thread
Filament
Relating to a thinly spun thread
Fil- = Thread
Fimbriated
Fringed
Fimbria = Fringe
Fimbriocele
Hernia of oviduct fimbria
Fimbria = Fringe
Flocculent
Covered with tufts of wool-like substance
Flocculus = Tuft of wool
Flocculation
Rapid precipitation of a solute in small balls of wool-like tuft
(Flocculus = Tuft of wool)
Ganglion
Group of nerve cell bodies that appear like a knot in a nerve
(Ganglion = Knot)
Histology
Study of tissues
Histo- = Web(forming a tissue); -ology = study of
Histopathologic
Referring to the microscopic disease manifestations in tissues
(Histo- = Web(forming a tissue))
Lateral Lemniscus
A ribbon-like nerve tract that carries information on hearing
(Lemniscus = Band, Ribbon)
Medial Lemniscus
A ribbon-like nerve tract that carries information on touch and sense of body position
(Lemniscus = Band, Ribbon)
Limbic system
Pertaining to a rim of brain structures between the cortex and deeper structures which control emotions and instinct
(Limbus = Border, Margin)
Limbus
Border of the cornea
Limbus = Border, Margin
Mitochondria
Intracellular organelle with thread-like membranes
Mito- = Thread
Mitosis
Act of cell division during which the thread-like chromosomes condense
Nematode
Roundworms
Nema- = Thread
Nematospermia
Sperm with an abnormally elongated tail
Nema- = Thread
Node
A lump (like a knot)
Nodus = Knot
Nodule
A small lump
Nodus = Knot
Nodulus
A small lump on the cerebellum of the brain
Nodus = Knot
Pannus
Inflammatory granulation that overgrows either joint surfaces or the cornea
(Pannus = Piece of cloth)
Panniculus
Layer of tissue between the skin and deeper structures
Pannus = Piece of cloth
Plexiform
Web-like
Plexus = Woven, Braided
Brachial plexus
Network of neck and upper chest nerves that supply the arm, forearm, and hand
(Plexus = Woven, Braided)
Plicate
To fold back and forth like a hand fan
Plica = fold in fabric
Rete testes
A network of canals at the end of the sperm collecting tubules from the testes
(Rete = Net)
Reticulum
Second stomach of ruminants that has a honeycombed net-like lining
(Reticulo- = Fine net)
Reticulocyte
Precursor to red blood cells with fine fibrils like a net in the cytoplasm
Gastric rugae
Folds of inner lining of the stomach
Ruga = crease in fabric
Taenia taeniaformis
Tapeworm cats get from eating mice
Taenia = tape, ribbon
Tapetum
Layer of reflectile tissue in the light catching back part of eye (retina)
(Tapetum = carpet, rug)
Fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia of a muscle or organ.
Fascia = Band, Bundle; -itis = inflammation
Histogram
graph in which values found in a quantitative study are represented by lines or symbols placed horizontally or vertically, to indicate frequency distribution.
(representation of a frequency distribution by means of rectangles whose widths represent class intervals)
(Histo- = Web(forming a tissue))
Hippophiles
horse lover
ailurophobes
afraid of cats
ailurophile
Cat lover
cynophile
Dog lover
musophobic
Afraid of mice
Amnion
Thin tough, fluid filled sac that encloses the embryo or fetus
(Amnios = Lamb)
Amniocentesis
Sticking a needle into the amnion sac to retrieve a fluid and cell sample
(Amnios = Lamb)
Buphthalmos
Ox-like enlargement of the eye
Bous = Ox
Carcinoma
Malignant tumor with projections like a crab’s legs
Cancer, Carcino- = crab; -oma= tumor
Canine teeth
Flesh tearing pointed teeth, prominent in dogs (also called fangs)
(Caninus = Dog)
Coccyx
Small triangular bone at the base of the spine in humans and tailless apes
(Coccos = Cuckoo)
Coracoid Process
A long curved bony projection from the neck of the shoulder blade shaped like a crow’s beak.
(Coracos = Crow)
Coronoid
Bone processes that resemble a crow’s beak
Corone = Crow; -oid = resembling
Entomology
Study of insects
Entomo- = insect; -ology = study of
Cauda equina
Bunch of nerve fibers at the end of the spinal cord that appear like a horse’s tail
(Equus, Equi- = Horse)
Formalin
A 37% solution of formaldehyde in water
Formica = Ant
Formaldehyde
Gas phase of a fixative and antibacterial agent used to prepare carcasses for anatomy specimens
(Formica = Ant)
Hippocampus
A portion of the brain shaped like a sea horse
Hippo- = Horse
Lagophthalmia
Failure of the eyelid to close (rabbits were believed to sleep with their eyes open)
(Lagos = Hare)
Lagomorph
Rabbits and hares
Lagos = Hare; -morph = form
Lupus Erythematosus
Autoimmune disease that causes red scaly skin patches on nose and cheeks
(Lupus = Wolf; Eryth = red)
Myocardium
Heart muscle
Myo- = Mouse, muscle; -cardio = heart
Myositis
Inflammation of muscle
Myo- = Mouse, muscle; -itis = inflammation
Pediculosis
Louse infestation (Lice)
Pediculus = Louse; -osis = condition
Psittacosis
Respiratory disease of parrots and parrot-like birds that can be transmitted to humans
(Psittacos = Parrot)
Psittacosis
Respiratory disease of parrots and parrot-like birds that can be transmitted to humans
(Psittacos = Parrot)
Pulicosis
Flea infestation
Pulex = Flea; -osis = condition
Vaccine
A suspension of killed or attenuated microorganisms for the prevention, reduction, or treatment of infectious disease
(Vacca = cow)
Vaccination
The administration of a vaccine
Vacca = cow; -ation = process
Zoonosis
Disease transmittable from animals to humans under natural conditions
(Zoo- = Pertaining to animals; -osis = condition)
Acinar
Pertaining to the granular (blackberry-like) appearance of certain organs like the pancreas
(Acinus = cluster of grapes)
Adenitis
Inflammation of a gland
Adeno- = Acorn (Gland); -itis = inflammation
Adenoma
Benign tumor of a gland
Adeno- = Acorn (Gland); -oma = tumor
Aboreal
Resembling or living in trees
Arbor = tree, branching
Aborization
Branching like a tree (such as occurs with nerve fibers)
Botyromycosis
Granulomatous masses produced in a wound infected with Staphylococcus bacteria
(Bothryo- = Bunch of grapes)
Cannula
Small reed-like hollow tube, instrument
Canna = Reed
Staphylococcus
Common round bacteria that bunches like berries
Coccus = Berry; Staphyl = round bacteria
Dendrite
Long branches within a nerve fiber and produced by a nerve cell body
(Dendro- = Tree, branching)
Dendritic
Pertaining to dendrites
Dendro- = Tree, branching
Gland
Group of tissues that form a mass, some like an acorn
Glans = Acorn
Glandular
Relating to glands
Glans = Acorn
Megakaryocyte
Giant cell with large nucleus in bone marrow that produces platelets
(Karyo- = Nut, Nucleus; -cyte = cell; Mega- = Large/Giant)
Megakaryocyte
Giant cell with large nucleus in bone marrow that produces platelets
(Karyo- = Nut, Nucleus; -cyte = cell; Mega- = Large/Giant)
Lenticular
Referring to a lens (lentil bean shaped object)
Lens = Lentil
Lichenified
Skin sore that becomes thickened, fissured, and bark-like
Lichen = Tree Moss
Miliary
Small round, like a millet seed
Milium = Millet seed
Nux vomica
“Quakers buttons” nuts, source of strychnine poison, used in homeopathy.
(Nux = Nut)
Nucleolus
Dense organelle inside the nucleus of cells
Nux = Nut
Aphakia
Absence of lens of eye
Phako-, Phaco- = Lentil; A- = deficiency
Phacoscope
Instrument to view the lens of the eye
Phako-, Phaco- = Lentil; -scope = optical instrument
Chlorophyll
Green colored plant pigment
-phyll = Leaf; Chloro = green color
Dermatophyte
Ringworm (skin fungus/plant)
Phyto-, -phyte = plant; Derma- = skin
Phytopathology
Study of plant diseases
Phyto-, -phyte = plant; Pathology- = Study of diseases
Ramus of mandible
Branch of mandible that turns upward to joint of the jaw
Ramus = Branch
Rhizotomy
Surgical incision of a cranial or spinal nerve root
Rhizo- = Root; -otomy = surgical procedure
Sesamoid Bone
Small bone embedded in a tendon
Sesamoid = Sesame seed
Spermatocyte
Male reproductive cell (seed) for uniting with an ova (egg from female)
(Spermato- = seed; -cyte = cell)
Spermatozoa
Mall reproductive cells (seeds)
Spermato- = seed
Sporozoa
Parasitic protozoa with microscopic seed-like appearance
Sporo- = seed
Sporotrichosis
A fungus that grows under the skin and produces spores that appear like microscopic seeds
(Sporo- = seed)
Staphylococci
Round bacteria that bunch in groups like grapes
Staphylo- = Bunch of grapes
Staphylotoxin
Poison produced by staphylococci bacteria
Staphylo- = Bunch of grapes
Urticaria
Development of hives in skin
Urtica = Stinging Nettle
Xylene
Aromatic hydrocarbon from wood tar
Xylo- = Wood
Xylose
Monosaccharide (sugar) from methyl-cellulose
Xylo- = Wood
Carcinogen
a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.
Cancer, Carcino- = crab
Acute
Sharp or pointed
Illness being severe in a short time
Peracute
Suddenly very severe
Acute = Sharp or pointed
Subacute
Less sudden and severe
Acute = Sharp or pointed
Chronic
Long-lasting or persistent
A disease that is chronic is usually defined arbitrarily as lasting more than 3 months
Petrous
A portion of the temporal bone of the skull that is hard like a rock. It houses the delicate structures of the internal ear.
(Petra = rock)
Anthrax
Bacterial disease that often causes a black skin sore in humans
(Anthracis = Coal)
Anthracosis
Lung disease caused by inhaling coal dust
Anthracis = Coal
Calcification
Process of hardening due to deposition of calcium
Calc- = Chalk; -ation= process
Carbuncle
Skin ‘boil’ that used to be commonly caused by anthrax
Carbo- = Charcoal
Chrysotherapy
Treatment with gold to alter immune response to diseases
(Chryso- = Gold; -therapy = to heal)
(sometimes used with rheumatoid arthritis)
Pneumoconiosis
Lung disease caused by inhalation of mineral or metallic dust, especially asbestos or silica
(Conis = Dust; pneumo = lung)
Ecology
Study of relationships between organisms and their environment
(Eco- = House (Environment); -ology = study of)
Electrocardiograph
A measurement of the voltages produced by contraction of the heart
(Amber is a fossil resin that develops static electricity when rubbed)
(Electro- = Amber; -cardio- = heart; -graph = measurement)
Geophagia
Eating dirt
Geo- = Earth, Soil
Geophilic
Preferring to reside in dirt
Geo- = Earth, Soil
Heliosis
Sunstroke
Helio- = Sun
Lithotomy
Removal of a stone from the urinary tract
Litho- = Stone; -otomy = removal
Metalloproteinase
Enzyme that degrades a protein combined with a metal
Metallo- =Metal; -protein=protein; -ase = enzyme
Pelodera
A parasitic larvae that normally lives in mud and wet straw
Pelo- = Mud
Plumbism
Chronic lead poisoning
Plumb = Lead
Psammoma
Tumor containing sand-like material
Psammo- = Sand; -oma = tumor
Silicosis
Lung disease caused by a stone dust
Silico- = Silica, Quartz, Flint; -cosis = lung disease
Thiobarbiturate
Sulfur-containing drug used for short-term anesthesia
Thio- = Sulfur
Acute
Short-lived, severe, sudden
Acutus = Sharp
Chronic
Of long duration
Chron- = Time
Crepuscular
Active at twilight
Crepuscular = Twilight
Circadian
‘around the day ‘; occurring over 24 hours
Dies = Day
Diurnal
Occurring or active during the daylight
Diurnus = Day
Menopause
End of monthly uterine wall lining replacement cycle
Meno- = Month
Menorrhea
Monthly flow resulting from replacement of uterine lining
Meno- = Month
Nocturia
Urinating at night
Nox, Noctis = Night
Nocturnal
Active at night
Nox, Noctis = Night
Nyctalopia
Difficulty in seeing at night (night blindness)
Nyx, Nyct- = Night
Temporal bone
Thinnest portion of skull, an area ancients in war tried to deliver a blow and end the lifetime of an opponent
(Tempo- = Time)
Foramen
A normal channel or hole
(Foramina is the plural for multiple foramen)
(Foramen = Hole or opening)
Foramen Ovale
Hole in the chambers of the heart that normally closes before birth
(Foramen = Hole or opening)
External Auditory Meatus
The hole in the petrous temporal bone for the ear canal
Meatus = hole/channel
Alveoli
Small air sacs in lungs (or tooth sockets)
Alve- = Small cavity
Alveolar process
Ridge on upper and lower jaws that contain the dental alveoli (tooth sockets)
(Alve- = Small cavity)
Antrum
Partially closed cavity or chamber in bone (or the entrance to the pylorus of the stomach)
(Antro- = Cave)
Atrium
Upper chambers of the heart that receive blood before entering ventricles and being pumped out
(Atrio- = Hall)
Cavernous
Filled with cavities, porous
Cav- = Cavern, Hollow
Cell
Smallest unit capable of independent functioning
Cell = Chamber
Cellulitis
Spreading inflammation of tissue
Cell = Chamber; -itis = inflammation
Cellulose
Complex carbohydrate in cell wall of plants
Cell = Chamber
Coelom
Body cavity, forms abdominal and thoracic cavities
Coel-, -coele = cavity
Spermatocele
Cyst of epididymitis containing sperm
Coel-, -coele = cavity
Colposcope
Scope to visualize the vagina and cervix
Colpo- = Vagina (Sheath); -scope = visualize
Colpoplasty
Reconstructive surgery of the vagina
Colpo- = Vagina (Sheath); -plasty = reconstructive surgery
Cyst
A sac lined with epithelium and containing a fluid or semisolid material
(Cysto- = Bladder)
Cystic
Relating to a bladder (urinary or gall bladder)
Cysto- = Bladder
Cystitis
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
Cysto- = Bladder; -itis = inflammation
Fovea centralis
Area of the retina that collects the clearest vision
Fovea = Depression, Dip
Gastric
Relating to the stomach
Gastro- = Stomach
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
Gastro- = Stomach; itis- = inflammation
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach
Gastro- = Stomach; itis- = inflammation
Lacuna
Small depression (space where a bone forming cell is located in bone)
(Lacuna = Pool, Pit)
Sinus
Depression or cavity on the surface of an organ
Sinus = Hollow
Sinusitis
Inflammation of a sinus
Sinus = Hollow; -itis = inflammation
Sinusoid
Venous cavity that carries blood to an organ
Sinus = Hollow
Striated
Having stripes, grooves, or ridges (skeletal muscle is striated)
(Stria = Furrow)
Sulcus
Deep groove between organs or between gyri of the brain
Sulcus = Furrow
Sulciform
Having a groove
Sulcus = Furrow
Tectospinal
From the roof of the midbrain to the spinal cord
Tectum, Teg- = Roof, Cover
Integument
Covering (generally means skin)
Tectum, Teg- = Roof, Cover
Vagina
Canal for sexual intercourse and birth canal
Vagina = Sheath
Vaginate
To enclose in a sheath
Vagina = Sheath
Vaginoplasty
Reconstructive surgery on the vagina
Vagina = Sheath; -plasty = reconstructive surgery
Ventral
Relating to the lower aspects of the body
Ventro-, Ventri- = Belly
Ventricle
Lower, larger, belly-like part of heart
Ventro-, Ventri- = Belly
Vestibular
Acting as an entry way (relates to balance – vestibular part of inner ear)
(Vestibulum = Vestibule)
Ductus Arteriosus
Blood vessel between aorta and pulmonary artery which allows blood to bypass the lungs in the fetus
(Ductus = Leading to)
Fenestrated
Having openings, windows
Fenestra = Window
Fenestral
A small opening
Fenestra = Window
Fistulous withers
Draining tract to the surface of the skin at withers (infection with Brucellosis )
(Fistula =Pipe)
Foramen
An opening (in bone)
Foramen = Hole
Aortic Hiatus
Opening in diaphragm for the aorta to pass from the heart to the abdomen
(Hiatus = Opening)
Acoustic meatus
Opening in skull for nerves of hearing and the facial nerve
Meatus = Channel, Opening
Nasal Meatus
3 passages through the nasal cavity
Meatus = Channel, Opening
Malocclusion
Failure to shut properly (faulty contact between upper and lower teeth when jaw is closed)
(Occlusio = To shut)
Operculum
A lid or flap (found on some parasite eggs)
Operculum = Lid
Os of uterus
Opening from cervix to the uterine body
Os = Mouth
External os
Opening from cervix to vagina
Os = Mouth
Ostomy
Creation of an artificial external excretory opening (colostomy (from colon), ileostomy (from ilum))
(Ostium = Opening)
Patent ductus arteriosus
Open duct (channel) between the aorta and pulmonary artery that normally closes at birth
(Patens = Open; Ductus = Leading to))
(Ductus arteriosus = Blood vessel between aorta and pulmonary artery which allows blood to bypass the lungs in the fetus)
Pons
Band of nerve fibers that link the lower (primitive) aspects of brain with the upper (more advanced) aspects
(Pont-, Pons = Bridge)
Pontocerebellar
Referring to a tract from the upper part of the brain, through the pons to the cerebellum (lower part of the brain)
(Pont-, Pons = Bridge)
Porous
Having openings, leaky
Poros, Pore = Passage
Salpingitis
Inflammation of a tube (Fallopian or auditory)
Salping- = Tube; -itis = inflammation
Salpingocele
Hernia of a Fallopian tube
Salping- = Tube
Paranasal sinuses
Cavities off the nasal cavity lined by mucous tissue (maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal, and sphenoidal)
(Sinus = Fold)
Sinusoid
Venous cavity that delivers blood to some organs
Sinus = Fold
Stomach
‘Mouth’ of abdominal digestive tract
Stoma = Mouth
Anastomosis
Surgically joining the ‘mouths’ of two open tubes (intestines)
(Stoma = Mouth)
Syringe
A plastic or glass tube with a plunger to administer drugs
Syringo- = Tube, Pipe
Syringomyelia
Disease caused change in the spinal cord that causes tubes of fluid to replace nerve tracks
(Syringo- = Tube, Pipe)
Trematode
Flat parasites with suckers (originally believed to be holes), also called flukes
(Trema = Hole)
Atresia
No opening
-tresia = Hole
Tuboabdominal
Relating to the fallopian tube and the abdomen
Tubo- = Tube
Typhlectomy
Removal of the cecum (blind ended part of the large intestine)
(Typhi- = Blind ended; -tomy = removal)
Typhlitis
Inflammation of the cecum
Typhi- = Blind ended; -itis = inflammation
Valve
Membranous door-like structures in veins or arteries that prevent the backflow of blood
(Valva = Folding Doors)