Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards
BA
Bachelor of Arts
BS
Bachelor of Science
BSc
Bachelor of Science
CLT
Certified Laboratory Technician
Dip
Diplomatic of a specialty College or Board
DC
Doctor of Chiropractic
DDS
Doctor of Dental Surgery
DMD
Doctor of Dental Medicine
DO
Doctor of Osteopathy (Similar to medical degree)
DPM
Doctor of Podiatric Medicine
the medical care and treatment of the human foot
DVM
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
Degree granted by all veterinary schools besides the University of Pennsylvania
EMT
Emergency Medical Technician
LPN
Licensed Practical Nurse
MA
Master of Arts
MD
Doctor of Medicine
MLT
Medical Laboratory Technician
MPH
Mater of Public Health
MRCS
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons
MRCVS
Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
MS, MSc
Master of Science
MSN
Master of Science in Nursing
rVT, cVT
rVT: registered Veterinary Technician
cVT= Certified Veterinary Technician
MSPH
Master of Science in Public Health
OD
Doctor of Optometry (Eye Doctor)
OTR
Registered Occupational Therapist
PT
Physical Therapist
PhD
Doctor of Philosophy
RD
Registered Dietitian
RDH
Registered Dental Hygeniest
RN
Registered Nurse
R.Ph.
Registered Pharmacist
VMD
Veterinary Medical Doctor
Same as DVM; Awarded by University of Pennsylvania
VT
Veterinary Technician
RT
Radiologic Technician
works with x-rays
Monocyte
Cell with one nucleus
Mono- =one, -cyte=cell
Unilateral
Located on one side
Uni- = one
Dimorphic
Having 2 forms
Di-; Bi- = two
Biceps
Muscle with two heads
Di-; Bi- = two
Triceps
Muscle having 3 heads
Tri-; Ter- = Three
Ternitrate
A nitrate with three radicals of nitric acid
Tri-; Ter- = Three
Tetracycline
Antibiotic with four rings of chains in the molecule
Tetra-; Quadra- = Four
Quadraped
Having four feet
Tetra-; Quadra- = Four
Pentadactyl
Having 5 fingers or toes or a hand or foot
Penta-; Quinque- = Five
Quinquecuspid
Tooth with five cusps
Penta-; Quinque- = Five
Hexachlorophene
Antiseptic having six chlorine atoms
Hexa- ; Sex- = Six ; -chlor- = green/chloride
Sextuplet
Group of six offspring from one birth
Hexa- ; Sex- = Six
Heptachromic
Exhibiting seven colors
Hepta- ; Septa- = Seven; -Chrom= color
Septuplet
Group of seven offspring from one birth
Hepta- ; Septa- = Seven
Octapeptide
Peptide consisting of eight amino acids
Octa- = eight
Ennead
Group of nine things
Ennea- ; Novem- = nine
November
Ninth month of the Roman Calendar
Ennea- ; Novem- = nine
Decapeptide
Peptide composed of ten amino acids
Deca- ; Deci- = Ten
Deciliter
A tenth of a liter ( A liter is slightly larger then a quart)
Also considered a fraction
(Deci- = Tenth)
Decaliter
A metric unit of capacity, equal to 10 liters.
Deca- = Ten
Hectogram
A hundred grams (10% of a kilogram)
Hecto- ; Centi- = Hundred
Centigrade
Having one hundred graduations
Cent- = Also considered a fraction
(Hecto- ; Centi- = Hundred)
Kilogram (kg)
A thousand grams (2.2 lbs)
Kilo-; Milli- = Thousand
Milligram (mg)
One thousandth of a gram (Mili = Also considered a fraction)
Kilo-; Milli- = Thousand
Megabecquerol (MBq)
A million becquerels, a unit of radioactivity
(Mega- = Million)
Note: Mega also means great size
Megaloblast
A large immature cell in red blood cell production series
Mega- Great Size or Million
Megakaryocyte
A large cell that has a lobulated nucleus, is found especially in the bone marrow; responsible for making platelets.
(Mega- Great Size or Million; -cyte = cell)
Gigantism
Huge body size due to excessive secretion of growth hormone
Giga- = Huge (Giant) size; Billion
Gigabyte
A billion bytes (A byte is a single item of computer information )
A gigabyte is equal to the information in one human gene
(Giga- = Huge (Giant) size; Billion)
Quintuplet
Group of 5 offspring from 1 birth or One of five (fifth) offspring from one pregnancy.
(Quin-= Five)
Microgram
One millionth of a gram or 2.2 billioniths of a pound
(Micro- = Millionths or qualitatively small) Often abbreviated as μ, so microgram is then μg.
Microscope
Looking at small things
Micro- = Millionths or qualitatively small
Nanogram
One billionth of a gram or 2.2 trillionth of a pound
Nano- = Billionths
Semicanal
A tube that is open on one side (1/2 of canal)
Semi- : Hemi- = Half
Hemilaminectomy
Removal of half of the top of the spinal canal.
Semi- : Hemi- = Half
Decibel
1/10th of a “bel” (standard unit of measuring sound)
Deci- Tenths
Centimeter
1/100 of a meter or slightly less then 1/2 inch
Centi- = Hundredths
Picogram
One trillionth of a gram or a ridiculously small portion of a pound
(Pico- = Trillionths)
Protodiastolic
First of 4 phases of the heart ventricles’ period of relaxation.
(Proto- ; Primi- = First; -dia- = dilate/ relaxation)
Primigravid
First pregnancy
Proto- ; Primi- = First
Deuteropathic
Disease caused by another disease
Deutero-; Secundi- = Second; -pathic = suffering
Secundiparous
Having had a second successful pregnancy
Deutero-; Secundi- = Second
Milligram
One thousandth of a gram (2.2 millionth of a pound)
Mili- = Thousandths
Tritanopia
Inability to see the “3rd” color = “blue”
Trit- ; Terti- = Third
Tertiary
Third level in biology
Trit- ; Terti- = Third
Tertiary Health Care
3rd or highest level of care; a specialist refers to a specialist.
(Trit- ; Terti- = Third)
Quartan
Occurring every fourth day, usually referring to a fever from Malaria.
(Quat- (or Quart-)) = Fourth
Muscle with Heads
Biceps, Triceps, and Quadriceps
Biceps: “Two heads”
What are the two biceps in the body?
Arm - Biceps brachii (brachii = arm)
Leg - Biceps femoris (femoris = thigh-bone)
Triceps brachii
“Three heads”
Three headed muscle on arm
Quadriceps Femoris
“Four heads”
Four headed muscle on thigh-bone
Systole
Contraction phase of the heart
Diastole
Relaxation phase of the heart
(Dia = Dilate)
(Protodiastole: First 4 stages of relaxation)
Bifurcation
A division into two branches, such as a blood vessel, or a tooth that has two roots.
(Di-; Bi- = two)
Dioxide
An oxide (as carbon dioxide) containing two atoms of oxygen in a molecule.
(Di-; Bi- = two; -oxide = oxygen)
Pentobarbital
Pentobarbital is a medication used to manage and treat several medical conditions.
It is a member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. It has a role as a GABAA receptor agonist.
(Penta = 5)
Pentobarbital
Pentobarbital is a medication used to manage and treat several medical conditions.
It is a member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. It has a role as a GABAA receptor agonist.
(Penta = 5)
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of half of the body
Semi- : Hemi- = Half
Semiconscious
Partially conscious; not completely aware of sensations. - Half awake
(Semi- : Hemi- = Half)
Quarternary
Fourth in a series
or
Denoting a chemical compound containing four elements;
or
Relating to organic compounds in which some central atom is attached to four functional groups.
(Quat- (or Quart-)) = Fourth
Apnea
Deficiency of breathing
A- ; An- = Deficiency
Anemia
Deficiency of red blood cells
A- ; An- = Deficiency
Syndrome
A syndrome is a group of signs or symptoms that occur together and are characteristic of a disease
(syndrome = running together)
Aphasia
Deficiency of speaking
A- ; An- = Deficiency
Anisocoria
Unequal pupil size
Aniso- = Unequal
Anisocytosis
Unequal blood cell size (red blood cell size)
Aniso- = Unequal; -cyto- = cell
Auxocardia
Increased size of heart
Auxo- = Increase; -cardia = heart
Auxotonic
Increased load that shortens muscles
Auxo- = Increase
Hypertrophy
Excessive growth
Hyper- = Excess, above
Hyperglycemia
Excessive glucose in blood
Hyper- = Excess, above; -glycemia = glucose
Hypocalcemia
Under concentration of calcium and blood
Hypo- = under; -calcemia = calcium
Hypothyroidism
Under-activity of the thyroid gland
Hypo- = under
Isometric
Equal dimensions
Iso- = Equal
Isotonic
Same osmolarity so that no fluid is pulled across semi-permeable membrane
(Iso- = Equal)
Macrocyte
Large red blood cell
Macro- = Large
Macrognathia
Having a large jaw
Macro- = Large
Cisterna magna
Largest fluid pathway in brain
Magnus- = Large
Megacolon
Large colon
Mega- ; -megaly = Large
Megakaryocyte
Large cell in bone marrow that produces platelets cells
Mega- ; -megaly = Large; -cyte = cell
Polymeric
Two chemicals with some percentage composition of elements (parts)
(meros-, -meric = part)
Merosmia
Impaired sense of smell (detects part of all smells present)
meros-, -meric = part
Metric
Relating to the meter as the standard of measurement
Metr-, -meter = Measure
Metricephalic
Having a head proportional to the body size
Metr-, -meter = Measure; -phalic= head
Centimeter
1/100th of a meter
Metr-, -meter = Measure
Ambidextrous
Equal use of both hands
Ambi- = Both
Amphibian
Capable of living on land or water
Amphi-, Ampho- = Both
Amphotericin
Two antifungal antibiotics in one
Amphi-, Ampho- = Both
Bicornulate
Having two horns
Bi = Twice
Bicarbonate
Having two carbonate and chemical structure
Bi = Twice
Biceps
Muscle with 2 heads
Bi = Twice
Epididymis
Coiled tubules on the twin testes
-Didymus = Twins
Dimorphic
Having two forms
Di-, Diplo- = double; -morphic = form
Diplococcus
Round bacteria that appears as two fused into a dumbbell shape
(Di-, Diplo- = double; coci= bacteria)
Dioxide
Having two oxygen atoms
Di-, Diplo- = double; -oxide = oxygen
Bigeminy
(Abnormal) heart beats in pairs
Bi = Two; Gemini = twins
Haploid
Single set of chromosomes
Haplo- = single
Monocyte
Blood cell with one large nucleus
Mono- = single; -cyte = cell
Monoxide
Having one oxygen atom in chemical structure
Mono- = single; -oxide = oxygen
Zygomatic
Two bony arches of face that appear like a yoke
Zygo – = joined, yoke
Zygote
The single cell formed by the joining of an egg and sperm
Zygo – = joined, yoke
Microanatomy
Study of the structure of tissues
Micro- = small
Microscope
Magnifying scope for viewing small objects
Micro- = small; -scope = view
Multifocal
Pertaining to many locations
Multi- = excess, many
Multinodular
Having many nodes (lumps)
Multi- = excess, many; nodular = nodes
Oligospermia
Few sperm
Oligo- = Few
Oligodipsia
Having little thirst
Oligo- = Few
Pancreas
Means all flesh, an abdominal organ that has no openings or pockets
(Pan-, Panto- = Total)
Pantomorphia
Capable of assuming all shapes or forms
Pan-, Panto- = Total; -morphia= forms
Parvovirus
Little virus
Pavo – = small
Parvocellular
Having small sized cells
Pavo – = small; -cellular= cell
Parvule
A small pill
Pavo – = small
Leukopenia
White cell deficiency
-penia = deficiency
Osteopenia
Bone density deficiency
-penia = deficiency; Osteo- = bone
Pleomorphic
Ability to have multiple forms
Pleo- = multiple; morphic = form
Pleocytosis
Having more cells than normal
Pleo- = multiple
Plethora
Fullness
Pluripotent
Ability to affect more than one organ or tissue
Pluri- = More
Poikilocytosis
Irregular red blood cell shapes
Poikilo- = unequal
Poikilotherm
Animal whose internal temperature varies with environment temperature
(Poikilo- = unequal; therm= temperature)
Polycythemia
An excess number of red blood cells
Poly- = Many
Polygraph
Measuring many reactions at once
Poly- = Many
Ultrafiltration
Filtration under pressure
Ultra- = Beyond, excess
Ultrasound
High frequency sound waves
Ultra- = Beyond, excess
Demigauntlet
Hand bandage that does not cover the fingers
Demi- = Half
Holocrine
ENTIRE CELL IS SECRETED FROM GLAND
Holo- = Entire, whole
Holodiastolic
Entire resting phase of heart cycle
Holo- = Entire, whole; dia= rest; stolic= cycle
Miosis
Constricted pupil of eye
Mio- = Smaller
Hemolysis
the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.
Crenation
When red blood cells are in a hypertonic (higher concentration) solution, water flows out of the cell faster than it comes in. This results in crenation (shriveling) of the blood cell.
trapezius
The large muscle between your neck and shoulders that feels good when squeezed and massaged when you are tense
Trapezius is shaped like a trapezoid a 4-sided figure with at least pair of parallel sides.
Acanthoma
A tumor of (spinous) skin cells
Acantho- = thorn; -thoma = tumor
Acanthocyte
Abnormal red blood cell with spiny projections (spur cell)
Acantho- = thorn; -cyte = cell
Ancylostoma
Genus of hookworms with a crooked mouth
Ankylo- crooked, bent
Ankylosis
Fusion of two bones, usually at a bent angle
Ankylo- crooked, bent
Anus
Round end of the rectum
Anus = circle
Anal
Pertaining to the anus
Anus = circle
Annulus
Pertaining to a round structure
Anus = circle
Astrocyte
Star-like cell in brain that supplies support to neurons
Astro- = Star ; -cyte= cell
Ateliosis
Incomplete development
Atelo- = imperfect, incomplete
Atelectasis
Incomplete filling of lungs
Atelo- = imperfect, incomplete
Brachycephalic
Short-headed
Brachy- = Short; -phalic = head
Brachygnathia
Short jaw
Brachy- = Short; -gnathia = jaw
Calyx
Recesses in renal pelvis (where urine collects in the kidneys)
(calix = Flower-shaped)
Camptodactyly
Permanent flexion of interphalangeal (finger) joint
Campto- = Bent
Capillary
Hair-like network of blood vessels between arteries and veins where exchange of blood nutrients and tissue waste products occur
(Capillaris = Hair-like)
Capillaria
Hair-like family of parasitic worms
Capillaris = Hair-like
Vena Cava
Largest venous structure that is hollow when blood is removed
(Cavus = Hollow; Vena = Vein)
Cavity
A hollow space
Cavus = Hollow
Spirochete
Coiled, hair-like bacteria
Chaite = Hair
Chorda vocalis
Vocal fold in larynx (voice box)
Chordo-, Cordo- = Cord, String
Cordotomy
Surgery on spinal cord
Chordo-, Cordo- = Cord, String; -omy = surgery
Cricoid
Ring-shaped cartilage of larynx
Crico- = Ring
Cul-de-sac
Blind pouch
Culdo- = Bottom of sack
Cuneate
Adjective for “wedge-shaped”
Cuneus = Wedge
Cycloplegic
Paralyzing the iris and (round) pupil size
Cyclo- = Circle; -plegic = parayze
Cyclosporine
A drug that has a ring of atoms in the nucleus
Cyclo- = Circle
Cyclitis
Inflammation of the eye structures around the pupil
Cyclo- = Circle; -itis = inflammation
Discoid
Resembling a disc
Disco-, Disko- = Disk
Diskospondylitis
Inflammation of the disk-like cushions between the vertebrae
Disco-, Disko- = Disk; -itis = inflammation
Dolichocephalic
Long headed breed
Dolicho- = Long; -phalic = head
Echinococcus
Tapeworm family with a spiny appearing infective stage
Echino- = Spiny hedgehog
Echinocyte
Abnormal red blood cell with a burr (spiny) appearance
Echino- = Spiny hedgehog; -cyte = cell
Emmetropia
Proper refraction of light to the retina
Emmetro- = Proportioned
Favus
Honeycombed infection of the skin with a ringworm fungus, Trichophyton
(Favus = Honeycomb)
Fornix of brain
Arch of brain
(The fornix is a white matter bundle located in the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres, which connects various nodes of a limbic circuitry and is believed to play a key role in cognition and episodic memory recall.)
(Fornix = Arch)
Fornix of vagina
Arch of vagina
(The vaginal fornix – or fornices – is the widest part at the end of the vaginal canal, forming a dome shape around the cervix.)
(Fornix = Arch)
Fossa
A depressed area
Fossa = Ditch
Globulin
High molecular weight proteins originally thought to come from spherical cells in blood
(Globus = Sphere)
Globoid
Resembling a sphere
Globus = Sphere
Hemoglobin
An oxygen binding globulin in red blood cells
Globus = Sphere
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of small ball of capillaries in the kidney
Glomerulo- = Little ball; -neph- = kidney; -itis = inflammation
Gonioscope
Optical instrument for measuring angle of the anterior chamber of the eye
(Gonio- = Angle; -oscope = optical)
Goniometer
Instrument to measure angles of a joint (range of motion)
Gonio- = Angle
Granule
Like a small grain of seed
Granulum = Grain
Granulation
Act of forming granules
Granulum = Grain
Granulocyte
Cell with granules inside
Granulum = Grain; -cyte = cells
Gyri
Circle-like convolutions of the surface of the cerebellum of the brain (the large upper-portion of the brain)
(Gyro- = Circle)
Hilus (Hilum) of kidney
In the concave part of the kidney
Hilus = concave part of bean
Incus
Anvil shaped bone of middle ear
Incus = Anvil
Koilonychia
Thin, concave fingernail sometimes cause by iron deficiency
Koilo- = Hollow, Concave
Kyphosis
Humped Back
Kyphos = Hump
Lamellar
Arranged in thin plates
Lamella = Thin plate
Laminectomy
In humans, removal of the posterior (back) arch of a vertebrae
(Lamina = Thin plate; -ectomy = removal)
Latissimus
Broad muscle of back
Latus = Broad
Leiomyoma
Smooth muscle tumor
Leio- = Smooth; -myoma = tumor
Lobe
Rounded projection
Lobus = Rounded Projection
Lobulated
Formed in multiple rounded projections
Lobus = Rounded Projection
Lophosteon
Ridge on the sternum (breastbone) of birds
Lopho- = Ridge
Lordosis
Swaying in of back
Lordo- = Bent backwards
Lunatic
Originally thought to be craziness brought on by full moon
Luna- = Moon, crescent
Lunate
Crescent-shaped
Luna- = Moon, crescent
Malleus
Hammer-shaped bone of middle ear
Malleo- = Hammer
Malleolus
Hammer-shaped end of bones that join the ankle
Malleo- = Hammer
Meniscus
Crescent shaped cushion between ends of bones when they meet at a joint
(Menisco- = Crescent)
Morphology
Study of forms/shapes
Morpho- = Form; -ology = study of
Amorphous
Having no particular shape, varies in shape
Morpho- = Form
Dermoid
Appears like skin
-oid = resembling; derm- =skin
Ovoid
Appears like an egg
-oid = resembling; ovo- = egg
Pemphigoid
Appears like a blister
-oid = resembling
Orbicular
Referring to a small circle
Orbis = Small circle
Orbit
Usually refers to eye socket
Orbis = Small circle
Orthopedic
’ Straightening children’, relating to bone surgery
Ortho- = Straight; -pedic = children
Orthopnea
Requiring a straight posture (standing or sitting) to breathe
(Ortho- = Straight)
Oxycephaly
Cone head
Oxy- = Sharply pointed
Oxyuris
Pinworms, have sharply pointed tail
Oxy- = Sharply pointed
Perodactyly
Deformed fingers or toes
Pero- = Deformed; -dactyly = fingers or toes
Plagiocephalic
Slanted head
Plagio- = Slanting; -phalic = head
Platyhelminth
Flat worm
Platy- = Broad, Flat
Platysma
Broad, flat muscle in the neck
Platy- = Broad, Flat
Polyp
A non-malignant protrusion from a mucosal surface
Polypous = Abnormal protruding structure
Pterygoid muscles
Muscles connected to the sphenoid (butterfly wings shaped) bone of the skull
(Pterygo- = Wing-shaped)
Rectum
Straight terminal portion of the large intestine
Recto- = Straight
Flexor
Muscle that contracts to bend a joint
Reflexo-, Flexo- = To bend back
Reflex
Involuntary motor nerve action which is a return from a sensory stimulus
(Reflexo-, Flexo- = To bend back)
Rhabditic
Referring to small rod shaped worms
Rhabdo- = Rod, Striped
Rhabdomyolysis
Destruction of skeletal (striated ‘striped’ muscle)
Rhabdo- = Rod, Striped; -lysis = destruction
Scalenus
Three deeply situated muscles of the neck that have an uneven, irregular triangular shape
(Scalene = Uneven)
Scaphoid
Appears like a boat (usually referring to a bone)
Scapho- = Boat-shaped
Scoliosis
Abnormally twisted spine (lateral deviation)
Scolio- =Twisted
Sella Turcica
“Turkish saddle”, a pocket in skull bone for the pituitary gland
(Sella = Saddle)
Serrated
Having a saw-like edge
Serratus = Saw
Sphenoid bone
A wedge-shaped compound bone at the base of the skull (also looks like a butterfly)
(Spheno- = Wedge)
Hemisphere
Half a ball shape
Sphero- = Ball; Hemi- = half
Spherocyte
A red blood cell that has lost its ‘life saver candy’ shape and taken on a round ball-like shape
(Sphero- = Ball; -cyte = cell)
Spiral
Coil-shape
Spira = Coil
Spirillum
Coil-shaped bacteria
Spira = Coil
Spirochete
Another coil-shaped bacteria
Spira = Coil
Stapes
Stirrup-shaped bone of the middle ear cavity
Stapes = Stirrup
Stellate
Star-shaped (some cataracts in the eye can be stellate in appearance)
(Stella = Star)
Stenosis
A stricture, narrowing of a canal or duct
Steno- = Narrow
Stenothorax
A narrow chest
Steno- = Narrow
Stratified
Formed in layers
Strati- = Layer
Epidermis
Outermost portion of the skin
Streptococcus
Round bacteria that stick together forming twisted chains
Strepto- = Twisted, Curved; -coccus = bacteria
Strongyloides
A small round parasitic worm
Strongylus = Round
Strophocephaly
A distorted, twisted head and face
Stropho- = twisted; -phalic = head
Teres
Round muscles of the shoulder blade
Teres = round
Tonsils
Pointed pole-shaped lymph nodes in the throat
Tonsillo- = Pointed pole
Torulosis
Infection with a round fungus (also called cryptococcosis)
Torus = Rounded protuberance
Torus
Rounded projection or swelling
Torus = Rounded protuberance
Trigone
Forming three points, a triangle
Trigone = Triangle
Trigonum
Triangular shape
Trigone = Triangle
Tubercle
Small rounded projection
Tuber- = Protuberance, Node
Tuberculosis
Disease causing small tubercles that are abscesses
Tuber- = Protuberance, Node
Tuberosity
Projection on a bone for the attachment of a tendon
Tuber- = Protuberance, Node
Turbinate
Small curved bone on the lateral (side) aspect of the nasal passage
(Turbinate = Spinning top)
Volvulus
Twisting of the stomach or intestine
Volvulus = Twisted
Vomeronasal
Pertaining to the vomer (a flat, plow-like bone that is part of the nasal septum) and the nasal bone
(Vomer = Plowshare)
Xiphoid
Relating to the sword-shaped bottom end of the sternum (breast bone)
(Xipho- = Sword-shaped)
Gyrus
a ridge or fold between two clefts on the cerebral surface in the brain.
(Gyro- = Circle)
Rectal
relating to or affecting the rectum.
Recto- = Straight
